Use of artificial tanning products among young adults

Brooks, Katie R.; Brooks, Daniel R.; Dajani, Zeina A.W.; Swetter, Susan M.; Powers, E. L.; Pagoto, Sherry L.; Geller, Alan C.

doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2006.01.014

Cited by 69 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Although it is promising that news media are conveying the message that it is unsafe to get a tan by sunbaking or visiting a solarium, the rise in articles in support of the use of fake tanning products perpetuates the notion that tanned skin is more desirable than pale skin. Such a perception among the public is potentially harmful, especially in light of data suggesting that use of fake tanning products is associated with sunburning [27][28][29] and solaria use. 29 While the findings of this content analysis indicate that advocacy efforts have had a positive impact on the way sun protection issues are covered in the print media, they also highlight areas with scope for improvement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such a perception among the public is potentially harmful, especially in light of data suggesting that use of fake tanning products is associated with sunburning [27][28][29] and solaria use. 29 While the findings of this content analysis indicate that advocacy efforts have had a positive impact on the way sun protection issues are covered in the print media, they also highlight areas with scope for improvement. Specifically, the predominantly negative and mixed coverage of vitamin D issues as well as the stronger media presence of anti-sun protection spokespeople are causes for concern.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trends in news coverage about skin cancer prevention, 1993‐2006: increasingly mixed messages for the public

Scully¹,

Wakefield²,

Dixon³

2008

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in news coverage about skin cancer prevention, 1993‐2006: increasingly mixed messages for the public

Scully¹,

Wakefield²,

Dixon³

2008

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

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“…A survey of young adults 18 to 24 years of age in the United States revealed that 22% had used sunless tanners in the previous 12 months, and another 22% who had not used these products would consider doing so in the next 12 months. 34 Because most sunless tanners do not afford any significant ultraviolet protection, consumers must be advised that sunburn and sun damage may occur unless they use sunscreen and other sun-protection methods. Consumers must also be warned that sunless tanning products that contain added sunscreen provide UVR protection for a few hours after application but that additional protection from the sun must be used during the duration of the artificial tan.…”

Section: Artificial Sources Of Uvrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraviolet Radiation: A Hazard to Children and Adolescents

Balk¹,

Binns²,

Brumberg³

et al. 2011

Pediatrics

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Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) causes the 3 major forms of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma; squamous cell carcinoma; and cutaneous malignant melanoma. Public awareness of the risk is not optimal, overall compliance with sun protection is inconsistent, and melanoma rates continue to rise. The risk of skin cancer increases when people overexpose themselves to sun and intentionally expose themselves to artificial sources of UVR. Yet, people continue to sunburn, and teenagers and adults alike remain frequent visitors to tanning parlors. Pediatricians should provide advice about UVR exposure during healthsupervision visits and at other relevant times. Advice includes avoiding sunburning, wearing clothing and hats, timing activities (when possible) before or after periods of peak sun exposure, wearing protective sunglasses, and applying and reapplying sunscreen. Advice should be framed in the context of promoting outdoor physical activity. Adolescents should be strongly discouraged from visiting tanning parlors. Sun exposure and vitamin D status are intertwined. Cutaneous vitamin D production requires sunlight exposure, and many factors, such as skin pigmentation, season, and time of day, complicate efficiency of cutaneous vitamin D production that results from sun exposure. Adequate vitamin D is needed for bone health. Accumulating information suggests a beneficial influence of vitamin D on many health conditions. Although vitamin D is available through the diet, supplements, and incidental sun exposure, many children have low vitamin D concentrations. Ensuring vitamin D adequacy while promoting sun-protection strategies will require renewed attention to children's use of dietary and supplemental vitamin D. Pediatrics 2011;127:588-597 BACKGROUND Sunlight sustains life on earth. The sun provides warmth, is needed for photosynthesis, drives biorhythms, and promotes feelings of wellbeing, and sunlight is essential for vitamin D synthesis in skin.The sun emits ultraviolet ("above violet") radiation (UVR) waves that range from 200 to 400 nm. UVB (290 -320 nm) and UVA (320 -400 nm) rays penetrate the atmosphere and have the greatest biological significance. Solar radiation that reaches the earth's surface comprises approximately 95% UVA and 5% UVB rays. 1 Sand, snow, concrete, and water can reflect up to 85% of sunlight, thus intensifying exposure. 2 UVR can penetrate to a depth of 60 cm in water and result in significant exposure. UVA rays are relatively constant throughout the day and the year. UVB rays have greater intensity in summer than in winter, at midday than in morning or late afternoon, in

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“…95 A survey of young adults 18 to 24 years of age in the United States revealed that 22% had used sunless tanners in the previous 12 months, and another 22% who had not used these products would consider doing so in the next 12 months. 94 Sunless-tanningproduct users were more likely to be female, to be younger, and to report having sunburned during the previous summer than potential users or nonusers.…”

Section: Antitanning Legislation and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The IARC review concluded that young adults should be discouraged from using indoor tanning equipment and that restricted access to sunbeds by minors should be strongly considered. 68 France has banned indoor tanning for people younger than 18 years since 1997; indoor tanning for those younger than 18 years also is prohibited in the The prevalence of sunless tanner use in Australia has ranged from 9% to 22% 94 ; 28% of women between 18 and 24 years of age reported using sunless tanners. 95 A survey of young adults 18 to 24 years of age in the United States revealed that 22% had used sunless tanners in the previous 12 months, and another 22% who had not used these products would consider doing so in the next 12 months.…”

Section: Antitanning Legislation and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraviolet Radiation: A Hazard to Children and Adolescents

Balk¹

2011

Pediatrics

252

141

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Sunlight sustains life on earth. Sunlight is essential for vitamin D synthesis in the skin. The sun's ultraviolet rays can be hazardous, however, because excessive exposure causes skin cancer and other adverse health effects. Skin cancer is a major public health problem; more than 2 million new cases are diagnosed in the United States each year. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) causes the 3 major forms of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma; squamous cell carcinoma; and cutaneous malignant melanoma. Exposure to UVR from sunlight and artificial sources early in life elevates the risk of developing skin cancer. Approximately 25% of sun exposure occurs before 18 years of age. The risk of skin cancer is increased when people overexpose themselves to sun and intentionally expose themselves to artificial sources of UVR. Public awareness of the risk is not optimal, compliance with sun protection is inconsistent, and skin-cancer rates continue to rise in all age groups including the younger population. People continue to sunburn, and teenagers and adults are frequent visitors to tanning parlors. Sun exposure and vitamin D status are intertwined. Adequate vitamin D is needed for bone health in children and adults. In addition, there is accumulating information suggesting a beneficial influence of vitamin D on various health conditions. Cutaneous vitamin D production requires sunlight, and many factors complicate the efficiency of vitamin D production that results from sunlight exposure. Ensuring vitamin D adequacy while promoting sun-protection strategies, therefore, requires renewed attention to evaluating the adequacy of dietary and supplemental vitamin D. Daily intake of 400 IU of vitamin D will prevent vitamin D deficiency rickets in infants. The vitamin D supplementation amounts necessary to support optimal health in older children and adolescents are less clear. This report updates information on the relationship of sun exposure to skin cancer and other adverse health effects, the relationship of exposure to artificial sources of UVR and skin cancer, sun-protection methods, vitamin D, community skincancer-prevention efforts, and the pediatrician's role in preventing skin cancer. In addition to pediatricians' efforts, a sustained public health effort is needed to change attitudes and behaviors regarding UVR exposure. Pediatrics 2011;127:e791-e817 BACKGROUND Sunlight sustains life on earth. The sun provides warmth, is needed for photosynthesis, drives biorhythms, and promotes feelings of well-being, and sunlight is essential for vitamin D synthesis in skin.Sophie J. Balk, MD, and the COUNCIL ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH and SECTION ON DERMATOLOGY

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Use of artificial tanning products among young adults

Cited by 69 publications

References 17 publications

Trends in news coverage about skin cancer prevention, 1993‐2006: increasingly mixed messages for the public

Trends in news coverage about skin cancer prevention, 1993‐2006: increasingly mixed messages for the public

Ultraviolet Radiation: A Hazard to Children and Adolescents

Ultraviolet Radiation: A Hazard to Children and Adolescents

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