Use of biomass fuel and acute respiratory infections in rural Pakistan

Janjua, Naveed Z.; Mahmood, Bushra; Dharma, Vijay Kumar; Sathiakumar, Nalini; Khan, Mohammad Imran

doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2012.06.012

Cited by 42 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Other studies conducted in indoor environments in Pakistan have also reported concentrations to be higher than the prescribed limits (Siddiqui et al, 2005a, b;Akhtar et al, 2007;Colbeck et al, 2008;Siddiqui et al, 2008;Siddiqui et al, 2009;Colbeck et al, 2010b;Janjua et al, 2012;Nasir et al, 2013).…”

Section: Levels Of Fine Particulate Mattermentioning

confidence: 89%

Assessment of Airborne Microflora in the Indoor Micro-Environments of Residential Houses of Lahore, Pakistan

Sidra

Ali

Sultan

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The presence of micro-organisms in air is taken for granted, but understanding the identities, distribution and abundance of airborne micro-organisms remains in its infancy. Indoor exposure to micro-organisms has been related to range of adverse health outcomes. The indoor levels of particulate matter and bioaerosols were monitored in thirty houses across Lahore, Pakistan. Two DustTrak aerosol monitors (model 8520, TSI Inc.) were run simultaneously in the kitchens and living rooms of the selected sites to measure fine particulate matter. At the same time, agar coated petri plates were exposed face upwards for twenty minutes to sample the micro-organisms present in surrounding air of both micro-environments. A total of 7 bacterial species and 11 fungal species were identified including Staphylococcus spp., Bacillus spp., Micrococcus spp. and Serratia spp. while the predominant fungal species were Alternaria alternata and Aspergillus spp. The concentrations (cfu m ranged between 236 and 1887 in the kitchen and from 315 to 1887 in the living room. A seasonal variation in bioaerosols was evident in the kitchens while being not so pronounced in the living rooms. A linear regression model showed a direct association of temperature with bacteria and fine particulate matter but not with fungi. Ventilation was also observed to have a significant impact upon PM levels. Out of 30 households sixteen had the presence of at least one individual with allergenic reactions. These findings highlight the enhanced risk of exposure to fine particulate matter as well as bioaerosols in the urban residential built environment in Pakistan.

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Section: Levels Of Fine Particulate Mattermentioning

confidence: 89%

Assessment of Airborne Microflora in the Indoor Micro-Environments of Residential Houses of Lahore, Pakistan

Sidra

Ali

Sultan

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…Siddiqui et al (2009) concluded that PM emissions by biomass burning were too high and were unsafe for human health. Similarly a strong association between biomass burning and acute lower respiratory infections in children was studied by Janjua et al (2012). They observed higher incidence of acute lower respiratory infections in children aged 5 years and below living in households where biomass was the primary cooking fuel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Seasonal variation of fine particulate matter in residential micro–environments of Lahore, Pakistan

Sidra

Ali

Nasir

et al. 2015

Atmospheric Pollution Research

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Shifting seasons greatly influence the use and management practices in residential built environments which subsequently affect the level of exposure to various pollutants indoors. The levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) were monitored in fifteen households of Lahore, Pakistan during different seasons. DustTrak aerosol monitors (model 8520, TSI Inc.) were run simultaneously in the kitchens and living rooms of the selected sites for seventy two hours each. To aid analysis, houses were categorized in three groups according to floor area. For non-smoking houses there was little variation between 24 h average PM2.5 concentrations in kitchens (270 to 295 μg/m³) although there was an increase in concentrations in living rooms as floor area increased. Across all houses the average PM2.5 concentration was observed to vary during the seasons. In the kitchens the average PM levels were 326 μg/m³ during the spring falling to 133 μg/m³ in summer, 180 μg/m³ in monsoon, 395 μg/m³ in autumn and 448 μg/m³ during the winter. Similarly, in the living rooms, the mean PM levels observed were 190 μg/m³ in spring, 101 μg/m³ in summer, 158 μg/m³ in monsoon, 458 μg/m³ in autumn and 590 μg/m³ in winter. Factors contributing towards these levels were cooking (involving frequent frying), floor sweeping, and also movement of the occupants. Smoking at two sites and use of gas heaters during the winter were also identified as contributing sources. Apart from these sources, ventilation was identified to be the most singular attributing factor to the above mentioned variations in PM levels. Ventilation during the warm season ranged from 3.51 air changes per hour (ACH) to 7.68 ACH. On the contrary, ventilation decreased during the autumn and winter season (2.5 to 5.64 ACH) and this resulted in an accumulation of PM indoors. The levels of fine particulate matter were observed to be 3 to 23 times higher than the WHO established standard of 25 μg/m³.

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“…Further, deficient drainage system and accumulated waste water found in many sprawling settlements located in the majority of the urban cities in sub-Saharan Africa encourage the breed of mosquitoes with the increased risk of malaria, which is a significant cause of death among young children (MDG Report 2012). Children strapped to the back of their mothers during cooking are exposed to indoor air pollution from the use of biomass fuel, and the result is enhanced risks of acute respiratory infection (ARI) (Janjua et al 2012).…”

Section: Conceptual Issues Of Child Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographical variations in infant and child mortality in West Africa: a geo-additive discrete-time survival modelling

Gayawan

Adarabioyo

Okewole

et al. 2016

Genus

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This study examines the residual geographical variations in infant and child mortality and how the different categories of the risk factors account for the spatial inequality in West African countries. To this end, we pooled data for 10 of the countries extracted from Demographic and Health Surveys and used the spatial extension of discrete-time survival model to examine how the variables exert influence on infant and child mortality across space. Inference was Bayesian based on the computational efficient MCMC technique. We found different geographical patterns for infant and child mortality. In the case of children under five, demographic factors inherent to the mother and child as well as maternal status variables when accounted for explain away a good part of the huge variations observed in the crude rates. There are no evidence of significant variations, however, in infant mortality except for three neighbouring regions of Liberia and Sierra Leone. The findings can guide in evidence-based allocation of scarce resources in West Africa with the aim of improving the survival chance of young children.

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Use of biomass fuel and acute respiratory infections in rural Pakistan

Cited by 42 publications

References 20 publications

Assessment of Airborne Microflora in the Indoor Micro-Environments of Residential Houses of Lahore, Pakistan

Assessment of Airborne Microflora in the Indoor Micro-Environments of Residential Houses of Lahore, Pakistan

Seasonal variation of fine particulate matter in residential micro–environments of Lahore, Pakistan

Geographical variations in infant and child mortality in West Africa: a geo-additive discrete-time survival modelling

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