Use of butyrate or glutamine in enema solution reduces inflammation and fibrosis in experimental diversion colitis

Pacheco, Rodrigo; Esposito, Christiano Costa; Müller, Lucas C M; Castelo-Branco, Morgana T.; Quintella, Leonardo Pereira; Chagas, Vera Lúcia Antunes; Souza, Heitor Siffert Pereira de; Schanaider, Alberto

doi:10.3748/wjg.v18.i32.4278

Cited by 54 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Initial trials in humans demonstrated that butyrate enemas for 2–6 weeks were able to treat patients with diversion colitis,[26] suggesting that diversion colitis may be the result of an absence of the metabolically vital SCFAs. While a follow-up trial f only 2 weeks of treatment did not recapitulate the results of the initial study[27], more recent studies in rats did replicate the initial findings[28]. In the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC), butyrate enemas have showed some promise in a subset of patients.…”

Section: Non-digestible Polysaccharides (Butyrate Production)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of diet on intestinal microbiota metabolism: downstream impacts on host immune function and health, and therapeutic implications

2014

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Dietary impacts on health may be one of the oldest concepts in medicine; however, only in recent years have technical advances in mass spectroscopy, gnotobiology, and bacterial sequencing enabled our understanding of human physiology to progress to the point where we can begin to understand how individual dietary components can affect specific illnesses. This review explores the current understanding of the complex interplay between dietary factors and the host microbiome, concentrating on the downstream implications on host immune function and the pathogenesis of disease. We discuss the influence of the gut microbiome on body habitus and explore the primary and secondary effects of diet on enteric microbial community structure. We address the impact of consumption of non-digestible polysaccharides (prebiotics and fiber), choline, carnitine, iron, and fats on host health as mediated by the enteric microbiome. Disease processes emphasized include nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), IBD, and cardiovascular disease (CVD)/atherosclerosis. The concepts presented in this review have important clinical implications, although more work needs to be done to fully develop and validate potential therapeutic approaches. Specific dietary interventions offer exciting potential for nontoxic, physiologic ways to alter enteric microbial structure and metabolism to benefit the natural history of many intestinal and systemic disorders.

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Section: Non-digestible Polysaccharides (Butyrate Production)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of diet on intestinal microbiota metabolism: downstream impacts on host immune function and health, and therapeutic implications

2014

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“…The application of enemas containing natural or synthetic substances, with antioxidant effects or rich SCFA solutions, improves tissue inflammatory changes detected in the DC model [10][11][12][13][14] . Conversely, the exposure of the colonic mucosa to substances with great oxidant power, such as hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), worsens the epithelial damage 15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue content of sulfomucins and sialomucins in the colonic mucosa, without fecal stream, undergoing daily intervention with sucralfate

et al. 2015

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PURPOSE:To measure the content of acidic mucin, sialomucin, and sulfomucins in the colonic mucosa without fecal stream submit to intervention with sucralfate (SCF). METHODS:Thirty-six rats were submitted to a right colostomy and a distal mucous fistula and divided into two groups according to sacrifice to be performed two or four weeks. Each group was divided into three subgroups according daily application of enemas containing saline, SCF at 1.0 g/kg/day or 2.0 g/kg/day. Colitis was diagnosed by histological analysis. Acid mucins were determined with the Alcian-Blue and sulfomucin and sialomucin by high iron diamine-alcian blue (HID-AB) techniques. The mucins were quantified by computer-assisted image analysis. Mann-Whitney and ANOVA tests were used to analyze the results establishing the level of significance of 5% for both (p<0.05).RESULTS: SCF enemas decreased the inflammation score and was related to the concentration used and time of the intervention. SCF at both concentrations increased the content of acid mucin, which was related to the concentration used and to the improvement in the inflammatory score. There was an increase in the content of sulfomucins and sialomucins in SCF groups. SCF increased sulfomucins from 2 weeks of intervention, which was not related to the dose or time of application. The increase in sialomucin content was related to the time and dose used in the intervention. CONCLUSION:Sucralfate increased the content of acidic mucins, primarily at the expense of sialomucin, which was affected by the dose and time of intervention.

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“…Several mechanisms for the development of diversion colitis have been proposed, including a nutritional deficiency of SCFA in the colonic lumen [101, 102]. Studies in Wistar rats suggest that the use of SCFA enemas may improve symptoms [102, 103]. Harig et al [101] successfully treated patients with diversion colitis using SCFA enemas.…”

Section: Disease States Linked With Scfasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathobiology and Potential Therapeutic Value of Intestinal Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Gut Inflammation and Obesity

Soldavini

Kaunitz

2013

Dig Dis Sci

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Background The lumen of the gastrointestinal tract contains many substances produced from the breakdown of foodstuffs, from salivary, esophageal, intestinal, hepatic, and pancreatic secretions, and from sloughed cells present in the gastrointestinal lumen. Although these substances were traditionally regarded as waste products, there is increasing realization that many can be biologically active, either as signalling compounds or as nutrients. For example, proteins are broken down into amino acids, which are then sensed by nutrient receptors. The gut microbiome, which is at highest abundance in the ileocecum, has powerful metabolic activity, digesting and breaking down unabsorbed carbohydrates, proteins, and other ingested nutrients into phenols, amines, volatile organic compounds, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and hydrogen sulfide into volatile fatty acids, also called short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Conclusion These latter substances are the topic of this review. In this review, we will briefly discuss recent advances in the understanding SCFA production, signalling, and absorption, followed by a detailed description and discussion of trials of SCFAs, probiotics, and prebiotics in the treatment of gastrointestinal disease, in particular ulcerative colitis (UC), pouchitis, short bowel syndrome, and obesity.

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Use of butyrate or glutamine in enema solution reduces inflammation and fibrosis in experimental diversion colitis

Abstract: The improvement of experimental diversion colitis following glutamine or butyrate enemas highlights the importance of specific luminal nutrients in the homeostasis of the colonic mucosa and supports their utilization for the treatment of human diversion colitis.

Cited by 54 publications

References 45 publications

The role of diet on intestinal microbiota metabolism: downstream impacts on host immune function and health, and therapeutic implications

The role of diet on intestinal microbiota metabolism: downstream impacts on host immune function and health, and therapeutic implications

Tissue content of sulfomucins and sialomucins in the colonic mucosa, without fecal stream, undergoing daily intervention with sucralfate

Pathobiology and Potential Therapeutic Value of Intestinal Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Gut Inflammation and Obesity

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