Use of Carbon‐13 and Carbon‐14 to Measure the Effects of Carbon Dioxide and Nitrogen Fertilization on Carbon Dynamics in Ponderosa Pine

Haile-Mariam, S.; Cheng, Weixin; Johnson, Dale W.; Ball, J. Timothy; Paul, Eldor A.

doi:10.2136/sssaj2000.6461984x

Cited by 37 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Th is range for the active pool is slightly wider than results found by Rey and Jarvis (2006), which ranged from 0.27 to 11.4%. Many other studies have estimates that fall within these ranges (Collins et al, 2000;Haile-Mariam et al, 2000;Cochran et al, 2007). Our wider range of estimates for the active pool is likely due to the wide range of soils and incubation temperatures utilized.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

The Role of Soil Characteristics on Temperature Sensitivity of Soil Organic Matter

Haddix

Plante

Conant

et al. 2011

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

T emperature is an important factor controlling SOM turnover and understanding how temperature aff ects SOM decomposition will allow us to better predict how global climate change will aff ect SOM stocks. Understanding the temperature sensitivity of SOM decomposition is challenging because SOM is composed of many diff erent organic C compounds, with diff ering inherent kinetic properties (Davidson and Janssens, 2006). To simplify the process of modeling SOM decomposition, this range of compounds is usually classifi ed into a small number of discrete, kinetically defi ned pools with some portion of SOM being easily decomposable and the rest comprising one or more other pools decomposing more slowly.In most decomposition models, temperature eff ects are modeled as a decomposition rate multiplier for fi xed SOM pools (Lloyd and Taylor, 1994;Del Grosso et al., 2005), but some recent studies have hypothesized that temperature may actually alter the amount of substrate that would be considered easily decomposable (Zogg et al., 1997;Zak et al., 1999;Dalias et al., 2003;Rasmussen et al., 2006). Th e most broadly used terrestrial C models typically have a fi xed Q 10 of 1.5 to 2.0 or an Arrhenius-type function with the same respiration-temperature relationship to each of the diff erent SOM pools (Melillo et al., 1995;Burke et al., 2003;Friedlingstein et al., 2006 Th e uncertainty associated with how projected climate change will aff ect global C cycling could have a large impact on predictions of soil C stocks. Th e purpose of our study was to determine how various soil decomposition and chemistry characteristics relate to soil organic matter (SOM) temperature sensitivity. We accomplished this objective using long-term soil incubations at three temperatures (15, 25, and 35°C) and pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectrometry (py-MBMS) on 12 soils from 6 sites along a mean annual temperature (MAT) gradient (2-25.6°C). Th e Q 10 values calculated from the CO 2 respired during a long-term incubation using the Q 10-q method showed decomposition of the more resistant fraction to be more temperature sensitive with a Q 10-q of 1.95 ± 0.08 for the labile fraction and a Q 10-q of 3.33 ± 0.04 for the more resistant fraction. We compared the fi t of soil respiration data using a two-pool model (active and slow) with fi rst-order kinetics with a three-pool model and found that the two and three-pool models statistically fi t the data equally well. Th e three-pool model changed the size and rate constant for the more resistant pool. Th e size of the active pool in these soils, calculated using the two-pool model, increased with incubation temperature and ranged from 0.1 to 14.0% of initial soil organic C. Sites with an intermediate MAT and lowest C/N ratio had the largest active pool. Pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectrometry showed declines in carbohydrates with conversion from grassland to wheat cultivation and a greater amount of protected carbohydrates in allophanic soils which may have lead to diff erences found between the total...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

The Role of Soil Characteristics on Temperature Sensitivity of Soil Organic Matter

Haddix

Plante

Conant

et al. 2011

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The most commonly used method was to reflux with 6 M HCl at 1168C for 16 h (Campbell et al, 1967;Collins et al, 2000;Follett et al, 1997;Haile-Mariam et al, 2000;Jenkinson and Rayner, 1977;Paul 1974a, 1974b;Martel and LaSalle, 1977;McLauchlan and Hobbie, 2004;Paul et al, 1997Paul et al, , 2001a. Some studies used 6 M HCl at 968C (Plante et al, 2006) or 1008C (Tan et al, 2004), while one study refluxed soil in 2 M H 2 SO 4 at 1168C (Vlassak et al, 1969).…”

Section: Results Obtained With Hydrolysis-incubation Acid Hydrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This can occur in soils with crops that have had a plant switch between C 3 and C 4 photosynthesis types, such as when continuous corn (C 4 ) is grown after a previously mixed cropping system on soils that were developed under trees (C 3 ) or when wheat (C 3 plant) is grown on warm-season, grassland (C 4 plants) derived soils. Similar possibilities exist where fossil-fuel derived CO 2 with a specific label is added during plant growth such as in an elevated-CO 2 study (Haile-Mariam et al, 2000).…”

Section: Review Of the Methodsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Where dried samples are necessary, a preincubation period can be used to minimize the flush of SOC mineralization attributable to drying and rewetting. Publications have reported incubation times of 200 to 800 d depending on the soil type and incubation temperature (Haile-Mariam et al, 2000; Reproduced from Soil Science Society of America Journal. Published by Soil Science Society of America.…”

Section: Review Of the Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The coupling of long-term incubation with chemical digestion of SOC by acid hydrolysis has been reported by Collins et al (2000), Haile-Mariam et al (2000), Fortuna et al (2003), and Paul et al (2001a, 2001b. Resistant soil C (C r ) was measured by chemical fractionation using acid hydrolysis; its decomposition rate factor (k r ) was measured by 14 C-dating the NHC.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Does the Acid Hydrolysis–Incubation Method Measure Meaningful Soil Organic Carbon Pools?

Paul

Morris²,

Conant

et al. 2006

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

203

145

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The literature was reviewed and analyzed to determine the feasibility of using a combination of acid hydrolysis and CO 2 -C release during long-term incubation to determine soil organic carbon (SOC) pool sizes and mean residence times (MRTs). Analysis of 1100 data points showed the SOC remaining after hydrolysis with 6 M HCl ranged from 30 to 80% of the total SOC depending on soil type, depth, texture, and management. Nonhydrolyzable carbon (NHC) in conventional till soils represented 48% of SOC; no-till averaged 56%, forest 55%, and grassland 56%. Carbon dates showed an average of 1200 yr greater MRT for the NHC fraction than total SOC. Longterm incubation, involving measurement of CO 2 evolution and curve fitting, measured active and slow pools. Active-pool C comprised 2 to 8% of the SOC with MRTs of days to months; the slow pool comprised 45 to 65% of the SOC and had MRTs of 10 to 80 yr. Comparison of field 14 C and 13 C data with hydrolysis-incubation data showed a high correlation between independent techniques across soil types and experiments. There were large differences in MRTs depending on the length of the experiment. Insertion of hydrolysisincubation derived estimates of active (C a ), slow (C s ), and resistant pools (C r ) into the DAYCENT model provided estimates of daily field CO 2 evolution rates. These were well correlated with field CO 2 measurements. Although not without some interpretation problems, acid hydrolysis-laboratory incubation is useful for determining SOC pools and fluxes especially when used in combination with associated measurements. SOIL ORGANIC MATTER (SOM) is a complex mixture of plant-and microbiologically-derived compounds (Stevenson, 1994). Fractionation schemes have been employed to (i) isolate meaningful pools that provide information on C and nutrient cycling; (ii) test hypotheses on soil formation and ecosystem functioning; (iii) relate SOM characteristics to soil management and global change; and (iv) aid in developing models describing SOM dynamics. Observed differences in MRTs from months to centuries to millennia for different SOM fractions prompted the development of models with multiple soil C pools with differing MRTs (Jenkinson and Rayner, 1977;Van Veen and Paul, 1981;Parton et al., 1987). To date, no single biological, physical, or chemical fractionation technique has been developed that adequately describes the continuum of SOC that exists in nature. Mismatches between measurements of 14 C-labeled plant materials using three size-density fractions and model outputs have been identified (Magid et al., 1996). Motavalli et al. (1994) and Smith et al. (2002) were not successful in their attempts to equate the active pool to microbial biomass plus soluble C fraction or the light fraction. Similar problems were found when attempts were made to equate the size of the slow pool in models with the particulate organic matter fraction (Metherell et al., 1995). However, more recent work investigating free and aggregate-associated SOC has produced more promising ...

show abstract

Response of soil organic matter dynamics to conversion from tropical forest to grassland as determined by long-term incubation

Schwendenmann

Pendall

2008

Biol Fertil Soils

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Understanding soil organic carbon (SOC) responses to land-use changes requires knowledge of the sizes and mean residence times (MRT) of specific identifiable SOC pools over a range of decomposability. We examined pool sizes and kinetics of active and slow pool carbon (C) for tropical forest and grassland ecosystems on Barro Colorado Island, Panama, using long-term incubations (180 days) of soil and stable C isotopes. Chemical fractionation (acid hydrolysis) was applied to assess the magnitude of nonhydrolysable pool C (NHC). Incubation revealed that both grassland and forest soil contained a small proportion of active pool C (<1%), with MRT of~6 days. Forest and grassland soil apparently did not differ considerably with respect to their labile pool substrate quality. The MRT of slow pool C in the upper soil layer (0-10 cm) did not differ between forest and grassland, and was approximately 15 years. In contrast, changes in vegetation cover resulted in significantly shorter MRT of slow pool C under grassland (29 years) as compared to forest (53 years) in the subsoil (30-40 cm). The faster slow pool turnover rate is probably associated with a loss of 30% total C in grassland subsoil compared to the forest. The NHC expressed as a percentage of total C varied between 54% and 64% in the surface soil and decreased with depth to~30%. Grassland NHC had considerably longer MRTs (120 to 320 years) as compared to slow pool C. However, the functional significance of the NHC pool is not clear, indicating that this approach must be applied cautiously. Keywords Active pool carbon. Forest conversion. Grassland. Incubation. Mean residence time. Non-hydrolysable carbon. Slow pool carbon .

show abstract

Use of Carbon‐13 and Carbon‐14 to Measure the Effects of Carbon Dioxide and Nitrogen Fertilization on Carbon Dynamics in Ponderosa Pine

Cited by 37 publications

References 29 publications

The Role of Soil Characteristics on Temperature Sensitivity of Soil Organic Matter

The Role of Soil Characteristics on Temperature Sensitivity of Soil Organic Matter

Does the Acid Hydrolysis–Incubation Method Measure Meaningful Soil Organic Carbon Pools?

Response of soil organic matter dynamics to conversion from tropical forest to grassland as determined by long-term incubation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About