Use of carbon adsorption traps combined with high resolution gas chromatography – mass spectrometry for the analysis of polar and non‐polar C<sub>4</sub>‐C<sub>14</sub> hydrocarbons involved in photochemical smog formation

Ciccioli, P.; Cecinato, Angelo; Brancaleoni, E.; Frattoni, Massimiliano; Liberti, A.

doi:10.1002/jhrc.1240150205

Cited by 113 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Sorbed water on CMS material not only affects trapping efficiency during sampling, but also significantly degrades laboratory analysis (29)(30)(31). In this study, 15 µL of water on sorbent tube typically resulted in complete loss of data from either shutdown of the instrument due to over pressurization (ice blockage), or chromatograms that were impossible to interpret due to shifting retention times, poor peak shape, and loss of resolution of compounds (see Supporting Information).…”

Section: Table 2 Recovery (%) and Rsd A Of Odorants From Sorbent Tubmentioning

confidence: 87%

Field Sampling Method for Quantifying Odorants in Humid Environments

Trabue

Scoggin²,

Li³

et al. 2008

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Most air quality studies in agricultural environments use thermal desorption analysis for quantifying semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) associated with odor. The objective of this study was to develop a robust sampling technique for measuring SVOCs in humid environments. Test atmospheres were generated at ambient temperatures (23 ± 1.5 °C) and 25, 50, and 80% relative humidity (RH). Sorbent material used included Tenax, graphitized carbon, and carbon molecular sieve (CMS). Sorbent tubes were challenged with 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 L of air at various RHs. Sorbent tubes with CMS material performed poorly at both 50 and 80% RH due to excessive sorption of water. Heating of CMS tubes during sampling or dry-purging of CMS tubes post sampling effectively reduced water sorption with heating of tubes being preferred due to the higher recovery and reproducibility. Tenax tubes had breakthrough of the more volatile compounds and tended to form artifacts with increasing volumes of air sampled. Graphitized carbon sorbent tubes containing Carbopack X and Carbopack C performed best with quantitative recovery of all compounds at all RHs and sampling volumes tested. The graphitized carbon tubes were taken to the field for further testing. Field samples taken from inside swine feeding operations showed that butanoic acid, 4-methylphenol, 4-ethylphenol, indole, and 3-methylindole were the compounds detected most often above their odor threshold values. Field samples taken from a poultry facility demonstrated that butanoic acid, 3-methylbutanoic acid, and 4-methylphenol were the compounds above their odor threshold values detected most often. Received December 14, 2007. Revised manuscript received February 08, 2008. Accepted February 14, 2008 Most air quality studies in agricultural environments use thermal desorption analysis for quantifying semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) associated with odor. The objective of this study was to develop a robust sampling technique for measuring SVOCs in humid environments. Test atmospheres were generated at ambient temperatures (23 ( 1.5°C) and 25, 50, and 80% relative humidity (RH). Sorbent material used included Tenax, graphitized carbon, and carbon molecular sieve (CMS). Sorbent tubes were challenged with 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 L of air at various RHs. Sorbent tubes with CMS material performed poorly at both 50 and 80% RH due to excessive sorption of water. Heating of CMS tubes during sampling or drypurging of CMS tubes post sampling effectively reduced water sorption with heating of tubes being preferred due to the higher recovery and reproducibility. Tenax tubes had breakthrough of the more volatile compounds and tended to form artifacts with increasing volumes of air sampled. Graphitized carbon sorbent tubes containing Carbopack X and Carbopack C performed best with quantitative recovery of all compounds at all RHs and sampling volumes tested. The graphitized carbon tubes were taken to the field for further testing. Field samples taken from inside swine feeding operations show...

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Section: Table 2 Recovery (%) and Rsd A Of Odorants From Sorbent Tubmentioning

confidence: 87%

Field Sampling Method for Quantifying Odorants in Humid Environments

Trabue

Scoggin²,

Li³

et al. 2008

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…To efficiently capture a broad range of compounds, multi-layered adsorbent cartridges combining several size fractions and/or types of adsorbents have been used Ciccioli et al, 1992Ciccioli et al, , 1993Ciccioli et al, , 2002Copolovici et al, 2009;Llusià and Peñuelas, 2000;Mastrogiacomo et al, 1995). When using multi-adsorbent traps, the amount of each adsorbent must be sufficient to trap quantitatively the diverse compound classes under all sampling conditions.…”

Section: Caveats With Sampling On Cartridgesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typically, graphitized carbon blacks and Tenax-type of polymeric adsorbents, which retain molecules by pure physical adsorption and do not tend to form hydrogen bonds with water (hydrophobic adsorbents), have low water adsorption capacity, while carbon molecular sieves have high water adsorption capacity (Ciccioli et al, 2002;Engewald, 2002, 2003;Gawlowski et al, 1999;Helmig and Vierling, 1995), likely reflecting the presence of surface oxides in carbon molecular sieves leading to hydrogen bond formation (Dettmer and Engewald, 2002) or due to generation of strong adsorption fields inside the micropores of 5-7Å as the result of overlapping dispersion forces of neighboring pore walls (Ciccioli et al, 2002;Gawlowski et al, 1999). For adsorbents with high water affinity, water vapor can reduce BVOC adsorption efficiency by blocking adsorption sites and thus, reducing the surface area available for BVOC adsorption (Ciccioli et al, 1992;Helmig and Vierling, 1995). Presence of adsorbed water can also create large problems in gas-chromatographic analysis, including clogging cryo-focusing traps with ice, shifts in retention time as well as interference with compound detection (Ciccioli et al, 1992;Gawrys et al, 2001;Helmig and Vierling, 1995;McClenny et al, 2002;Palluau et al, 2007).…”

Section: Caveats With Sampling On Cartridgesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For adsorbents with high water affinity, water vapor can reduce BVOC adsorption efficiency by blocking adsorption sites and thus, reducing the surface area available for BVOC adsorption (Ciccioli et al, 1992;Helmig and Vierling, 1995). Presence of adsorbed water can also create large problems in gas-chromatographic analysis, including clogging cryo-focusing traps with ice, shifts in retention time as well as interference with compound detection (Ciccioli et al, 1992;Gawrys et al, 2001;Helmig and Vierling, 1995;McClenny et al, 2002;Palluau et al, 2007). In addition, adsorbed water can lead to terpene rearrangements during desorption (Zabaras and Wyllie, 2002).…”

Section: Caveats With Sampling On Cartridgesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimations of isoprenoid emission capacity from enclosure studies: measurements, data processing, quality and standardized measurement protocols

Niinemets

Kühn²,

Harley³

et al. 2011

Biogeosciences

187

145

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Abstract. The capacity for volatile isoprenoid production under standardized environmental conditions at a certain time (E S , the emission factor) is a key characteristic in constructing isoprenoid emission inventories. However, there is large variation in published E S estimates for any given species partly driven by dynamic modifications in E S due to acclimation and stress responses. Here we review additional sources of variation in E S estimates that are due to measurement and analytical techniques and calculation and averaging procedures, and demonstrate that estimations of E S critically depend on applied experimental protocols and on data processing and reporting. A great variety of experimental setups has been used in the past, contributing to study-toCorrespondence to:Ü. Niinemets (ylo.niinemets@emu.ee) study variations in E S estimates. We suggest that past experimental data should be distributed into broad quality classes depending on whether the data can or cannot be considered quantitative based on rigorous experimental standards. Apart from analytical issues, the accuracy of E S values is strongly driven by extrapolation and integration errors introduced during data processing. Additional sources of error, especially in meta-database construction, can further arise from inconsistent use of units and expression bases of E S . We propose a standardized experimental protocol for BVOC estimations and highlight basic meta-information that we strongly recommend to report with any E S measurement. We conclude that standardization of experimental and calculation protocols and critical examination of past reports is essential for development of accurate emission factor databases.

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“…Separation, identi"cation as well as quanti"cation was done by GC/MS. A detailed description is given by Ciccioli et al (1992). For VOC sampling and analysis by NCAR/IPEN see Greenberg et al (1999).…”

Section: Voc Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOC) at a remote tropical forest site in central Amazonia

Kesselmeier

Kühn

Wolf

et al. 2000

Atmospheric Environment

174

104

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According to recent assessments, tropical woodlands contribute about half of all global natural non-methane volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions. Large uncertainties exist especially about #uxes of compounds other than isoprene and monoterpenes. During the Large-Scale Biosphere/Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia } Cooperative LBA Airborne Regional Experiment 1998 (LBA-CLAIRE-98) campaign, we measured the atmospheric mixing ratios of di!erent species of VOC at a ground station at Balbina, Amazonia. The station was located 100 km north of Manaus, SE of the Balbina reservoir, with 200}1000 km of pristine forest in the prevailing wind directions. Sampling methods included DNPH-coated cartridges for carbonyls and cartridges "lled with graphitic carbons of di!erent surface characteristics for other VOCs. The most prominent VOC species present in air were formaldehyde and isoprene, each up to several ppb. Concentrations of methylvinyl ketone as well as methacroleine, both oxidation products of isoprene, were relatively low, indicating a very low oxidation capacity in the lower atmospheric boundary layer, which is in agreement with a daily ozone maximum of (20 ppb. Total monoterpene concentration was below 1 ppb. We detected only very low amounts of VOC species, such as benzene, deriving exclusively from anthropogenic sources.

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Use of carbon adsorption traps combined with high resolution gas chromatography – mass spectrometry for the analysis of polar and non‐polar C₄‐C₁₄ hydrocarbons involved in photochemical smog formation

Cited by 113 publications

References 12 publications

Field Sampling Method for Quantifying Odorants in Humid Environments

Field Sampling Method for Quantifying Odorants in Humid Environments

Estimations of isoprenoid emission capacity from enclosure studies: measurements, data processing, quality and standardized measurement protocols

Atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOC) at a remote tropical forest site in central Amazonia

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Use of carbon adsorption traps combined with high resolution gas chromatography – mass spectrometry for the analysis of polar and non‐polar C4‐C14 hydrocarbons involved in photochemical smog formation

Cited by 113 publications

References 12 publications

Field Sampling Method for Quantifying Odorants in Humid Environments

Field Sampling Method for Quantifying Odorants in Humid Environments

Estimations of isoprenoid emission capacity from enclosure studies: measurements, data processing, quality and standardized measurement protocols

Atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOC) at a remote tropical forest site in central Amazonia

Contact Info

Product

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Use of carbon adsorption traps combined with high resolution gas chromatography – mass spectrometry for the analysis of polar and non‐polar C₄‐C₁₄ hydrocarbons involved in photochemical smog formation