Use of Combination Columns in Gas Liquid Chromatography.

Hildebrand, Gerhard; Reilley, Charles N.

doi:10.1021/ac60207a019

Cited by 75 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In 1962 Maier and Karpathy [6] and in 1964 Hildebrand and Reilley [7] dealt intensively with polarity tuning and, within the framework of this topic, with the use of columns coupled in series and with mathematical description of the systems in question. Since the end of the seventies, as a result of the propagation of open-tubular columns and the use of advanced data processing, several papers dealing with the creation and application and the theory [20,[50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68] of on-line tandem systems have been published.…”

Section: Basic Separation Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of a flow-tunable, serially coupled gas chromatographic capillary column system for the analysis of complex mixtures

Garay¹

2000

Chromatographia

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SummaryA capillary column gas chromatographic system employing two serially coupled fused-silica columns and a simple coupling element is described. The system is operated in flow-tunable mode (flow-tunable tandem system). The very fact of continuous tuning over a large polarity (selectivity) range, ultimately determined by the two constituent columns, offers several possibilities in the analysis of complex mixtures. In this paper two applications are discussed in detail: optimization of peak separation and peak identification. For these applications it is feasible to use, retention data collected from experiments on the tandem system, and empirical formulas. A relatively simple theoretical mathematical model valid for the flow-tunable tandem system, however, furnishes an easy way of calculating retention data on the system from data collected from the individual single columns, thus, creating a new possibility for optimization and peak identification. Optimization and peak identification processes using the empirical and theoretical models are both demonstrated by analysis of solvent mixtures.

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Section: Basic Separation Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of a flow-tunable, serially coupled gas chromatographic capillary column system for the analysis of complex mixtures

Garay¹

2000

Chromatographia

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“…It is known that, due to compressibility of the mobile phase, column order has an effect on the effective partition coefficient [4].…”

Section: In a Thorough Investigation Hildebrand And Reilley [4]mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(1-2) and n (2-1) are given by [4]. It should be noted that if both 0 and L are equal to one (TI = T2, Il = 12) then (1-2) = R(2-1).…”

Section: C2mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of temperature and pressure on the retention time in series‐coupled gas‐chromatographic columns

Buys¹,

Smuts²

1980

J. High Resol. Chromatogr.

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SummaryThe promising technique of controlling chromatographic selectivity by the adjustment of individual column temperatures in systems of series-coupled columns is investigated by means of a general model incorporating the effects of temperature and mobile phase compressibility. Expressions are derived for the linear flow velocity, the effective partition coefficient and the retention time for a system of n columns assuming an ideal mobile phase gas, under conditions of constant overall pressure drop and neglect of the temperature dependence of the mobile phase viscosity. The results indicate the importance of thermodynamic parameters, relative to parameters influencing the linear flow velocity, in determining the effect of temperature on the chromatographic retention time. Numerical results are illustrated graphically for two-column systems which are discussed in greater detail. Switching of columns is also discussed and it is shown that even if thermodynamic contributions remain unchanged, non-thermodynamic contributions have a noticeable effect.A characteristic feature of series-coupled columns, equipped with different stationary phases, is the possibility of controlling effective stationary phase properties of the combination by independent adjustment of individual column temperatures [1,2]. This configuration thus provides the chromatographer with knob-control of column selectivity. The usefulness of this facility is obvious and its practical applicability has been demonstrated recently [3] with the separation of the more important organophosphates in a single chromatogram.In a preliminary exploration of the theory of this technique, the basic phenomenological expressions for the effective partition coefficient, the retention time and the effective separation factor have been 'formulated [l]. However, no attempt has been made to relate these,quantities to the operating parameters of the chromatographic system. This paper, on the other hand, outlines a general description of series-coupled gas-chromatographic columns in termsof a model that incorporates most of the relevant chromatographic parameters with special emphasis on the effects of column temperature and compressibility of the mobile phase. The coaesponding expressions for the effective partition coefficient, the retention time and the linear flow velocity apply to any number of columns. Since in practice, however, dual columns appear to be the most likely situation, attention has been paid to the more important properties of two-column systems. In a thorough investigation, Hildebrand and Reilley [4]derived similar expressions but did not consider the effect of column temperatures. The expressions derived in the present paper are new and it will be shown that the special case of equal column temperatures results in expressions similar to those of Hildebrand and Reilley.Switching of columns is also considered in this study in order to investigate the effects of both column ternperature and compressibility in conjunction with column order on the effec...

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“…As gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) is partition chromatography and its principles are similar to solvent extraction, the synergistic effect may also occur. It is generally known that additivity of mixed stationary phases in GC is encountered [5,6]. So far as we stainless steel columns which were conditioned at 100 ~ for 6 h. In general, the efficiency of the columns was 700-800 plates m -1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic effects in mixed gas chromatographic stationary phases containing hepatkis(2.3.6-tri-O-pentyl)-β-cyclodextrin and AgNO3 or TINO3 in the separation of xylene isomers

Yuan

Gui

et al. 1997

Chromatographia

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Use of Combination Columns in Gas Liquid Chromatography.

Abstract: those that would not be reduced by l'(IY) were studied. Ions of higher positive potential would be reduced by the L'(IY) in the dissolution process and obviously would interfere. The results are given in Table III.Of the cations studied only Fe(II) and Y(IV) interfere at the concentration

Cited by 75 publications

References 12 publications

Application of a flow-tunable, serially coupled gas chromatographic capillary column system for the analysis of complex mixtures

Application of a flow-tunable, serially coupled gas chromatographic capillary column system for the analysis of complex mixtures

The effect of temperature and pressure on the retention time in series‐coupled gas‐chromatographic columns

Synergistic effects in mixed gas chromatographic stationary phases containing hepatkis(2.3.6-tri-O-pentyl)-β-cyclodextrin and AgNO3 or TINO3 in the separation of xylene isomers

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