Use of Cross-Extremity Flaps Stabilized with External Fixation in Severe Pediatric Foot and Ankle Trauma: An Alternative to Free Tissue Transfer

Free Flap Reconstruction of Foot and Ankle Defects in Pediatric Patients: Long-Term Outcome in 91 Cases

“…Adequate soft-tissue coverage can be achieved using a variety of methods including the cross-leg flap, which has been used successfully and proven to be reliable in adults. [1][2][3] This technique, however, when used in children inflicts a significant amount of discomfort because of prolonged periods of immobilization and hospitalization, and the need to subject patients to multiple surgical procedures. Conversely, free tissue transfer provides adequate soft and hard tissue that allows for a singlestage reconstruction and early mobilization of the injured extremity.…”

Instep free flap for plantar soft tissue reconstruction: Indications and options

“…In children, the medial plantar vessels may not be suitable for free flap transfer, and other reconstructive options are advisable. 35,36 Preoperative diagnostic imaging of the arterial system of the lower extremities by angiography or Doppler ultrasound is mandatory. Additional investigation of the venous system by color Duplex ultrasound is advisable in high-risk patients.…”

Reconstruction with circular external fixator in massive calcaneal destructions due to land mine injury

“…There are few reports with regard to late reconstructive techniques for the treatment of massive calcaneal fractures. Reconstructive procedures in bone can only be made after skin and soft tissue problems have been resolved, including the application of skin grafts or skin flaps [12]. Although the incidence of soft tissue necrosis is reported to be quite high in the postoperative period, we have, fortunately, not encountered this problem.…”