Use of different anticoagulants in test tubes for analysis of blood lactate concentrations

Wiese, Jeff; Didwania, Aarati; Kerzner, Roger; Chernow, Bart

doi:10.1097/00003246-199711000-00023

Cited by 19 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Enzymatic amperometry is now used in most blood gas analyzers as it is rapid and convenient, and whole blood may be used to achieve results within 2 minutes. Samples should not be placed into tubes containing sodium fluoride or sodium citrate due to interference of these anticoagulants with the lactate measurement 57 . Lactate results from samples obtained from catheters can be falsely elevated or decreased if crystalloid solutions are not appropriately cleared from the line 37 .…”

Section: Lactate Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactate: physiology and clinical utility

Allen

Holm

2008

J Vet Emergen Crit Care

139

113

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Objective: To review the physiology of lactate production and metabolism, the causes of lactic acidosis, and the current applications of lactate monitoring in humans and animals. Data sources: Human and veterinary studies. Summary: Lactate production is the result of anaerobic metabolism. Tissue hypoxia due to hypoperfusion is the most common cause of lactic acidosis. Studies in critically ill humans have shown that serial lactate monitoring can be used to assess the severity of illness and response to therapy. Several veterinary studies have also shown lactate as a useful tool to assess severity of illness. Conclusions: Lactate measurement in critically ill veterinary patients is practical and can provide information to assess severity of illness. Further veterinary studies are needed to establish the value of serial lactate measurements for prognostic and therapeutic purposes. Information regarding lactate measurement in cats is limited, and further studies are warranted.

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Section: Lactate Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactate: physiology and clinical utility

Allen

Holm

2008

J Vet Emergen Crit Care

139

113

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Cross-contamination of heparinized or citrated blood with EDTA was shown to adversely affect the blood clotting assay and also the electrolyte levels, grossly underestimating them. A study by Wiese et al (1997) recommended the use of EDTA or heparin tubes over citrate tubes as they led to lower lactate concentration measurement in critically ill.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of various anticoagulants on the bioanalysis of drugs in rat blood: implication for pharmacokinetic studies of anticancer drugs

Kulkarni¹,

Karanam

Gurjar

et al. 2016

SpringerPlus

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BackgroundPharmacokinetic studies are vital in development and optimization of drugs. While blood samples can be collected either in EDTA, heparin or citrate containing tubes for the estimation of drug levels in plasma, EDTA tubes are more commonly used. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of anticoagulants on bioanalysis of drugs. Six drugs used extensively in cancer therapy were selected. Albino wistar rats (N = 6 per drug) were dosed with one of the following drugs intraperitoneally—pemetrexed (50 mg/kg), imatinib (50 mg/kg), erlotinib (25 mg/kg), meropenem (60 mg/kg), 6-mercaptopurine (20 mg/kg) and voriconazole (6 mg/kg). Blood samples were collected 2 h after dosing (1 h in 6-mercaptopurine group due to short half-life) by terminal bleeding from the retro-orbital plexus. Blood was collected in each of Disodium ETDA, heparin, trisodium citrate (TSC) and no anticoagulant (plain) tubes. Drug levels in these samples were determined by validated HPLC assays. ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test was performed to identify statistically significant differences in drug concentrations in anticoagulant tubes. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsSignificant differences in concentration between anticoagulant tubes was observed in case of erlotinib (p = 0.013) and meropenem (p = 0.00), while borderline statistical significance for pemetrexed (p = 0.076). TSC tubes overestimated erlotinib levels, heparin tubes underestimated meropenem concentrations and EDTA tubes overestimated pemetrexed concentrations.ConclusionsCareful selection of anti-coagulant is necessary for accurate characterization of pharmacokinetics of drugs. Routine use of EDTA tubes may lead to erroneous interpretation of pharmacokinetic data.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40064-016-3770-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Samples were kept on ice after withdrawing the sample and transported and analyzed within 30 min of withdrawal. Although some authors recommend the use of sodium heparin for the sample collection,[12] ammonium heparin was used to avoid errors in the measurement of sodium for SID. As blood lactate levels are also affected by the use of lactated Ringer, samples were withdrawn before any intervention was made by the pediatrician.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acid-base disorders in critically ill neonates

Lekhwani¹,

Shanker²,

Gathwala³

et al. 2010

Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine

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Objective:To study acid–base imbalance in common pediatric diseases (such as sepsis, bronchopneumonia, diarrhea, birth-asphyxia etc.) in neonates.Design and Setting:An observational study was conducted in an emergency room of a tertiary teaching care hospital in Haryana, India.Patients and Methods:Fifty neonates (from first hour to one month) attending pediatric emergency services with various ailments. Blood gas analysis, electrolytes, plasma lactate, and plasma albumin were estimated in neonates.Results:Metabolic acidosis was the most common acid–base disorder. Hyperlactatemia was observed in more than half of such cases. Birth asphyxia was another common disorder with the highest mortality in neonates followed by bronchopneumonia and sepsis. Significant correlation between mortality and critical values of lactate was observed.Conclusion:Birth asphyxia with high-lactate levels in neonates constituted major alterations in acid–base disorders seen in an emergency room of a tertiary teaching care hospital. Plasma lactate concentration measurement provides an invaluable tool to assess type of metabolic acidosis in addition to predicting mortality in these neonates.

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Use of different anticoagulants in test tubes for analysis of blood lactate concentrations

Abstract: a) Sodium citrate, as an anticoagulant, caused lower lactate concentrations to be measured as compared with heparin or EDTA; b) the measurement of lactate concentrations in plasma or serum samples yields a higher value than the concentration found in the original whole blood specimen.

Cited by 19 publications

References 19 publications

Lactate: physiology and clinical utility

Lactate: physiology and clinical utility

Effect of various anticoagulants on the bioanalysis of drugs in rat blood: implication for pharmacokinetic studies of anticancer drugs

Acid-base disorders in critically ill neonates

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