Use of Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction and UV-Vis Spectrophotometry for the Determination of Cadmium in Water Samples

Abstract

A simple and inexpensive method for cadmium determination in water using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry was developed. In order to obtain the best experimental conditions, experimental design was applied. Calibration was made in the range of 10–100 μg/L, obtaining good linearity (R2 = 0.9947). The obtained limit of detection based on calibration curve was 8.5 μg/L. Intra- and interday repeatability were checked at two levels, obtaining relative standard deviation values from 9.0 to 13.3%. The enrichment factor had a value of 73. Metal interferences were also checked and tolerable limits were evaluated. Finally, the method was applied to cadmium determination in real spiked water samples. Therefore, the method showed potential applicability for cadmium determination in highly contaminated liquid samples.

Increase the Efficiency of Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction (DLLME) and its Use for the Determination of Lead (II) in Aqueous Solutions

“…Under the selected circumstance, 10 mL of 0.1 ppm of lead ion was adjusted to pH=10 using 0.1M of NaOH solution, and then added 1 mL ethanol as a dispersant due to its capability to form the dispersion [17]. Two types of extraction solvents were tested they are chloroform(CHCl 3 ) and carbon tetrachloride(CCl 4 ).…”

“…Due to the salting-out effect, salt addition is known to be one of the key factors influencing extraction processes and is frequently used to increase extraction efficiency [17]. Figure 9 shows the results of comparing the effects of adding 5% (w/v) potassium chloride (KCl) salt with and without adding salt.…”

A highly selective and sensitive “on–off” fluorescent probe for detecting cadmium ions and l-cysteine based on nitrogen and boron co-doped carbon quantum dots

“…[5][6][7] Common detection methods for Cd 2+ ions include atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), 8 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) 9 and spectrophotometry. 10 Although these methods have high sensitivity and multiple detection capabilities, their application of detection in many practical cases is limited by the complex sample pre-preparation process, high cost and susceptibility to interference. 11 L-cysteine (L-Cys), an essential amino acid found in living organisms, plays an indispensable role in cell reduction process and phospholipid metabolism in liver, and has pharmacological effects of protecting liver cells from damage, promoting liver function recovery and vitality.…”

Magnetic nanoparticles assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction of chloramphenicol in water samples

“…The disperser solvent may involve the partition distribution of the analytes because it increases their solubility in the sample solution and therefore it can reduce the potential efficacy of the technique [25]. Finally, after extraction, recovery of the solvent of phase separation usually requires a centrifugation step [26], which may slow down the overall extraction procedure [25]. Other alternatives have been proposed to simplify and speed up the recovery procedure.…”