“…For these reasons, BN has been used in the maritime field with forward (or predictive) and backward (diagnostic) analysis (Jiang et al 2020) in areas including maritime accidents (Akhtar and Utne 2014;Jiang et al 2020;Wang and Yang 2018), maritime risk/safety (Trucco et al 2008;Yang et al 2019), maritime supply chain risks (Wan et al 2019), port state control inspection (Yang et al 2018a;Yang et al 2018b), predicting a containership's arrival punctuality (Salleh et al 2017), analysing tanker shipping bankruptcy risks (Wang et al 2017), research on improving the resilience of a seaport system (John et al 2016), analysing slow steaming (Abdul Rahman et al 2015;Rahman et al 2012), container port safety evaluation (Alyami et al 2014), assessing the operational reliability (Salleh et al 2014), and estimation of navigational risks (Zhang et al 2013).…”