Use of exosomes as vectors to carry advanced therapies

Sancho‐Albero, María; Medel-Martinez, Ana; Martín-Duque, Pilar

doi:10.1039/d0ra02414g

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…As for schwannomas, proteins such as caspase‐1 (Prabhakar et al, 2013) and apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) (Ahmed et al, 2019) delivered by adeno‐associated virus (AAV) have been shown to result in tumor regression and reduced tumor‐associated pain in vivo by inducing cell apoptosis. Since viruses like AAV face problems of inefficient tropism to the target sites and high immunogenicity that leads to elimination by the host immune system (Sancho‐Albero et al, 2020), repair SC‐derived exosomes loaded with caspase‐1 or ASC may be a suitable delivery vehicle for schwannoma treatment. The implications of these repair SC‐derived exosomes would be the induction of apoptosis in those tumor cells formed by dedifferentiated SCs and followed by regeneration of axons to alleviate the pain associated with schwannomas.…”

Section: Future Perspectives On Schwann Cell‐derived Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schwann cell‐derived exosomes: Janus‐faced mediators of regeneration and disease

Wong

Demir

et al. 2021

Glia

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The phenotypic plasticity of Schwann cells (SCs) has contributed to the regenerative potential of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), but also pathological processes. This doublesided effect has led to an increasing attention to the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) or exosomes in SCs to examine the intercellular communication between SCs and their surroundings. Here, we first describe the current knowledge of SC and EV biology, which forms the basis for the updates on advances in SC-derived exosomes research. We seek to explore in-depth the exosome-mediated molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of SCs and their microenvironment. This review concludes with potential applications of SC-derived exosomes as delivery vehicles for therapeutics and biomarkers. The goal of this review is to emphasize the crucial role of SC-derived exosomes in the functional integration of the PNS, highlighting an emerging area in which there is much to explore and re-explore.

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Section: Future Perspectives On Schwann Cell‐derived Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schwann cell‐derived exosomes: Janus‐faced mediators of regeneration and disease

Wong

Demir

et al. 2021

Glia

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“…TEXs, as the nature reservoir of proteins or RNAs (siRNA, miRNA), are excellent carriers to solve suboptimal pharmaceutical properties of anti-cancer biomolecules such as instability, off-target toxicity, inefficient cell-uptake and so on 111 , 112 , 113 . In order to protect the degradation of siRNAs against RAD51 and RAD52, exosomes from Hela and ascites have been used as the carriers and cause better post-transcriptional gene silencing in recipient cells 97 .…”

Section: Therapeutic Implications Via Targeting Texsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor-derived exosomes: Nanovesicles made by cancer cells to promote cancer metastasis

Chen

Chengalvala

et al. 2021

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B

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Nanomedicine usually refers to nanoparticles that deliver the functional drugs and siRNAs to treat cancer. Recent research has suggested that cancer cells can also make nanoparticles that also deliver functional molecules in promoting cancer metastasis, which is the leading cause of various cancer mortalities. This nanoparticle is called tumor-derived vesicles, or better-known as tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs). TEXs are nanoscale membrane vesicles (30–140 nm) that are released continuously by various types of cancer cells and contain tumor-derived functional biomolecules, including lipids, proteins, and genetic molecules. These endogenous TEXs can interact with host immune cells and epithelial cells locally and systemically. More importantly, they can reprogram the recipient cells in favor of promoting metastasis through facilitating tumor cell local invasion, intravasation, immune evasion, extravasation, and survival and growth in distant organs. Growing evidence suggests that TEXs play a key role in cancer metastasis. Here, we will review the most recent findings of how cancer cells harness TEXs to promote cancer metastasis through modulating vascular permeability, suppressing systemic immune surveillance, and creating metastatic niches. We will also summarize recent research in targeting TEXs to treat cancer metastasis.

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“…Many approaches consist in loading the EVs with a chemotherapeutic agent. Although still very inefficient, there are different strategies; the simplest methods consist in incubating the drugs with purified EVs [ 75 ], and an alternative is to treat parental cells with the drug that would be released by EVs. In a more sophisticated way, a modification on the surface of the EVs allow a targeted loading of the drug (reviewed in [ 76 ]).…”

Section: Modelling the Antitumoral Effect Of Evs In 3d Culturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Cell Cultures as Prospective Models to Study Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer

Bordanaba‐Florit

Madarieta

Olalde

et al. 2021

Cancers

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The improvement of culturing techniques to model the environment and physiological conditions surrounding tumors has also been applied to the study of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in cancer research. EVs role is not only limited to cell-to-cell communication in tumor physiology, they are also a promising source of biomarkers, and a tool to deliver drugs and induce antitumoral activity. In the present review, we have addressed the improvements achieved by using 3D culture models to evaluate the role of EVs in tumor progression and the potential applications of EVs in diagnostics and therapeutics. The most employed assays are gel-based spheroids, often utilized to examine the cell invasion rate and angiogenesis markers upon EVs treatment. To study EVs as drug carriers, a more complex multicellular cultures and organoids from cancer stem cell populations have been developed. Such strategies provide a closer response to in vivo physiology observed responses. They are also the best models to understand the complex interactions between different populations of cells and the extracellular matrix, in which tumor-derived EVs modify epithelial or mesenchymal cells to become protumor agents. Finally, the growth of cells in 3D bioreactor-like systems is appointed as the best approach to industrial EVs production, a necessary step toward clinical translation of EVs-based therapy.

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Use of exosomes as vectors to carry advanced therapies

Abstract: Exosomes as therapeutic carriers for advanced therapies.

Cited by 24 publications

References 115 publications

Schwann cell‐derived exosomes: Janus‐faced mediators of regeneration and disease

Schwann cell‐derived exosomes: Janus‐faced mediators of regeneration and disease

Tumor-derived exosomes: Nanovesicles made by cancer cells to promote cancer metastasis

3D Cell Cultures as Prospective Models to Study Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer

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