Use of flumes in metering discharge at gaging stations

Kilpatrick, F.A.; Schneider, Verne R.

doi:10.3133/ofr82871

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In March 2006, a San Dimas flume (Kilpatrick and Schneider, ; Grant and Dawson, ) was installed at the outlet of the Dissenbach catchment (Figure ). Here, precipitation and water‐level are measured continuously, and runoff is derived by a calibrated stage‐discharge equation (Kilpatrick and Schneider, ; Grant and Dawson, ). An automatic sampler (AWS, EcoTech, Bonn, Germany) continuously takes water samples once a day as well as event‐driven samples, i.e.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model based analysis of lateral and vertical soil carbon fluxes induced by soil redistribution processes in a small agricultural catchment

Dlugoß

Fiener

Oost

et al. 2011

Earth Surf Processes Landf

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Soil redistribution on arable land significantly affects lateral and vertical soil carbon (C) fluxes (caused by C formation and mineralization) and soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. Whether this serves as a (C) sink or source to the atmosphere is a controversial issue. In this study, the SPEROS-C model was modified to analyse erosion induced lateral and vertical soil C fluxes and their effects upon SOC stocks in a small agricultural catchment (4Á2 ha). The model was applied for the period between 1950 and 2007 covering 30 years of conventional tillage followed by 28 years of conservation tillage . In general, modelled and measured SOC stocks are in good agreement for three observed soil layers. The overall balance of erosion induced lateral and vertical C fluxes results in a C loss of À4Á4 g C m -2 a -1 at our test site. Land management has a significant impact on the erosion induced C fluxes, leading to a predominance of lateral C export under conventional and of vertical C exchange between soil and atmosphere under conservation agriculture. Overall, the application of the soil conservation practices, with enhanced C inputs by cover crops and decreased erosion, significantly reduced the modelled erosion induced C loss of the test site. Increasing C inputs alone, without a reduction of erosion rates, did not result in a reduction of erosion induced C losses. Moreover, our results show that the potential erosion induced C loss is very sensitive to the representation of erosion rates (long-term steady state versus event driven). A first estimate suggests that C losses are very sensitive to magnitude and frequency of erosion events. If long-term averages are dominated by large magnitude events modelled erosion induced C losses in the catchment were significantly reduced.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model based analysis of lateral and vertical soil carbon fluxes induced by soil redistribution processes in a small agricultural catchment

Dlugoß

Fiener

Oost

et al. 2011

Earth Surf Processes Landf

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Surface runoff from Field 1‐W was diverted by means of berms and sheet metal barriers into an irrigation pipe that delivered the water to an H‐flume (for design, see Kilpatrick and Schneider, 1983) (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diuron in Surface Runoff and Tile Drainage from Two Grass‐Seed Fields

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The typical method of cool-season grass-seed production in Mediterranean climates briefly exposes surface waters to potentially high concentrations of the herbicide diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea] during the initial season of growth. To better understand the process, and the degree, of diuron transport from agricultural fields, two grass-seed fields in the Willamette Valley of Oregon were monitored for diuron loss in surface runoff and tile drainage during the first wet season after planting. Initial diuron concentrations in surface runoff were high (>1000 microg L(-1) in one field and >100 microg L(-1) in the other), though they decreased by two orders of magnitude by the end of the season. Concentrations in the tile drains were as much as 1000 times lower than in the surface runoff during the first few weeks of runoff events, and they remained lower than surface water concentrations throughout the season. Total losses in surface runoff were between 1.3 and 3% of the amount applied-much higher than losses via the tile drains. It is also shown by means of a simple first-order decay model that, when little information is available, it may be best to describe diuron depletion in runoff water as a function of cumulative rainfall during the wet season.

show abstract

“…We installed modified Parshall flumes at three locations along Honeysuckle Creek (Figure ) and measured stream stage and calculated stream discharge based on USGS methods (Kilpatrick & Schneider, ). We measured stream stage approximately weekly at all three flumes (mouth, mid, and upper) from October 2015 to September 2016 to capture stream dynamics over the course of an entire hydrologic year.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal dynamics and exports of elements from a first‐order stream to a large inland lake in Michigan

Hofmeister

Nave

Drevnick

et al. 2019

Hydrological Processes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Headwater streams are critical components of drainage systems, directly connecting terrestrial and downstream aquatic ecosystems. The amount of water in a stream can alter hydrologic connectivity between the stream and surrounding landscape and is ultimately an important driver of what constituents headwater streams transport. There is a shortage of studies that explore concentration–discharge (C‐Q) relationships in headwater systems, especially forested watersheds, where the hydrological and ecological processes that control the processing and export of solutes can be directly investigated. We sought to identify the temporal dynamics and spatial patterns of stream chemistry at three points along a forested headwater stream in Northern Michigan and utilize C‐Q relationships to explore transport dynamics and potential sources of solutes in the stream. Along the stream, surface flow was seasonal in the main stem, and perennial flow was spatially discontinuous for all but the lowest reaches. Spring snowmelt was the dominant hydrological event in the year with peak flows an order of magnitude larger at the mouth and upper reaches than annual mean discharge. All three C‐Q shapes (positive, negative, and flat) were observed at all locations along the stream, with a higher proportion of the analytes showing significant relationships at the mouth than at the mid or upper flumes. At the mouth, positive (flushing) C‐Q shapes were observed for dissolved organic carbon and total suspended solids, whereas negative (dilution) C‐Q shapes were observed for most cations (Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+) and biologically cycled anions (NO3−, PO43−, SO42−). Most analytes displayed significant C‐Q relationships at the mouth, indicating that discharge is a significant driving factor controlling stream chemistry. However, the importance of discharge appeared to decrease moving upstream to the headwaters where more localized or temporally dynamic factors may become more important controls on stream solute patterns.

show abstract

Use of flumes in metering discharge at gaging stations

Cited by 4 publications

References 4 publications

Model based analysis of lateral and vertical soil carbon fluxes induced by soil redistribution processes in a small agricultural catchment

Model based analysis of lateral and vertical soil carbon fluxes induced by soil redistribution processes in a small agricultural catchment

Diuron in Surface Runoff and Tile Drainage from Two Grass‐Seed Fields

Seasonal dynamics and exports of elements from a first‐order stream to a large inland lake in Michigan

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About