Use of Frequency Response Metrics to Assess the Planning and Operating Requirements for Reliable Integration of Variable Renewable Generation

Eto, Joseph H.

doi:10.2172/1003830

Cited by 188 publications

(158 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The frequency deviation for determining the frequency response characteristic usually is measured at the instant right before a disturbance and the time where the frequency settles to a steady-state value, usually about 30 seconds following the disturbance. A similar characteristic can measure the frequency deviation from the instant before the event and at the frequency nadir as is suggested in [24].…”

Section: Primary Reserves (Under Contingency Reserves)mentioning

confidence: 98%

Operating Reserves and Variable Generation

Ela¹,

Milligan²,

Kirby³

2011

318

211

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Section: Primary Reserves (Under Contingency Reserves)mentioning

confidence: 98%

Operating Reserves and Variable Generation

Ela¹,

Milligan²,

Kirby³

2011

318

211

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“…the resulting performance as seen from a grid perspective) for load frequency control [12] or primary frequency control [13]. These criteria cannot directly be employed to evaluate the performance of contributing service providers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance requirements modeling and assessment for active power ancillary services

Bondy

Thavlov

Tougaard

et al. 2017

2017 IEEE Manchester PowerTech

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Abstract-New sources of ancillary services are expected in the power system. For large and conventional generation units the dynamic response is well understood and detailed individual measurement is feasible, which factors in to the straightforward performance requirements applied today. For secure power system operation, a reliable service delivery is required, yet it may not be appropriate to apply conventional performance requirements to new technologies and methods. The service performance requirements and assessment methods therefore need to be generalized and standardized in order to include future ancillary service sources. This paper develops a modeling method for ancillary services performance requirements, including performance and verification indices. The use of the modeling method and the indices is exemplified in two case studies.

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“…As mentioned in [8], increased variable renewable generation will have an impact on the adequacy of primary reserves, and primary frequency control may lead to transmission bottlenecks that prevent effective delivery of primary frequency control, so it is important to include the primary regulation into any dispatch model of a power system with renewable energy integration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chance-Constrained Real-Time Dispatch with Renewable Uncertainty Based on Dynamic Load Flow

Bie

Zhang

et al. 2017

Energies

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Abstract:In this paper, a comprehensive real-time dispatch model considering renewable uncertainty based on dynamic load flow (DLF) is proposed. Through DLF, the primary and secondary frequency regulation amount caused by the variation of renewable energy as well as the line flow when primary and secondary regulation are deployed can be obtained easily. Not only the frequency constraints, but also the regular constraints like generator production limits and line flow limits are respected under both primary and secondary frequency regulation. To solve the dispatch problem with renewable uncertainty, chance-constrained programming based on cumulants and Cornish-fisher expansions (CCP-CMCF) is adopted to get the probability of holding the chance constraints and then the real-time dispatch model can be transformed into a quadratic programming. The simulation results show that the dispatch model proposed in this paper can deal with both primary and secondary regulation well and has a fast computation speed.

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Use of Frequency Response Metrics to Assess the Planning and Operating Requirements for Reliable Integration of Variable Renewable Generation

Cited by 188 publications

References 14 publications

Operating Reserves and Variable Generation

Operating Reserves and Variable Generation

Performance requirements modeling and assessment for active power ancillary services

Chance-Constrained Real-Time Dispatch with Renewable Uncertainty Based on Dynamic Load Flow

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