Use of inclinometer current meters in weak currents

Hendricks, Terry J.

doi:10.1109/oceans.1985.1160197

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Moorings were placed in the lake at up to 11 locations in 2006 and 2007 to record water temperature (Onset loggers; Onset Computer Corporation, Bourne, MA, USA), turbidity current velocity (Alec electromagnetic current meter; Alec Electronics Co. Ltd., Kobe, Japan; and tilting current meters modified from Hendricks, 1985 using Onset tilt loggers) and suspended sediment concentration continuously (YSI turbidometer; YSI Incorporated, Yellow Springs, OH, USA). Each mooring had sediment traps to collect settling suspended sediment and sediment delivered by turbidity currents.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sediment waves in a modern high‐energy glacilacustrine environment

Gilbert¹,

Crookshanks²

2009

Sedimentology

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A 4AE7 km 2 field of sediment waves occurs in front of the Slims River delta in Kluane Lake, the largest lake in the Yukon Territory. Slims River heads in the Kaskawulsh Glacier, part of the St Elias Ice Field and discharges up to 400 m 3 s )1 of water with suspended sediment concentrations of up to 7 g l )1 . The 19 km long sandur of Slims River was created in the past 400 years since Kaskawulsh Glacier advanced and dammed the lake and the sandur has advanced into Kluane Lake at an average rate of 48 m a )1 . However, this rate is decreasing as flow is diverted from Slims River because of the retreat of the Kaskawulsh Glacier. The sandur and a road constructed on the delta remove coarse-grained sediment, so the river delivers dominantly mud to the lake. Inflow during summer generates quasi-continuous turbidity currents with velocities up to 0AE6 m s )1 . The front of the delta consists of a plane surface sloping lakeward at 0AE0188 (1AE08°). A field of sediment waves averaging 130 m in length and 2AE3 m in amplitude has developed on this surface. Slopes on the waves vary from )0AE067 ()3AE83°, i.e. sloping in the opposite direction to the regional slope) to 0AE135 (7AE69°). The internal structure of the sediment waves, as documented by seismic profiling, shows that sedimentation on the stoss portion of the wave averages 2AE7 times that on the lee portion. Rates of sediment accumulation in the wave field are about 0AE3 m a )1 , so these lacustrine waves have formed in a much shorter period of time (less than 200 years) and are advancing upslope towards the delta much more quickly (1 to 2 m a )1 ) than typical marine sediment waves. These waves formed on the flat surface of the lake floor, apparently in the absence of pre-existing forms, and they are altered and destroyed as the wave field advances and the characteristics of the turbidity currents change.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sediment waves in a modern high‐energy glacilacustrine environment

Gilbert¹,

Crookshanks²

2009

Sedimentology

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“…In the 1970's and early 1980's at least two companies manufactured TCMs, but they are no longer commercially available [5].…”

Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of tilt current meters and an acoustic doppler current meter in vineyard sound, Massachusetts

Lowell¹,

Walsh

Pohlman

2015

2015 IEEE/OES Eleveth Current, Waves and Turbulence Measurement (CWTM)

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The relatively high cost of acoustic current meters has placed practical limits on the use of these meters in marine research projects. One approach to reducing the cost of current measurements has been the re-invention of the Tilt Current Meter (TCM). Recent developments in accelerometers, magnetometers and low-power non-volatile memory have made it possible to make small, accurate and inexpensive TCMs. Here we describe the design and calibration of the Lowell Instruments TCM and validate its performance in Vineyard Sound, Massachusetts. The performance of four TCMs was compared to an acoustic Doppler current profiler reference meter. The TCMs exhibited an R squared correlation of 0.97-0.98 as well as low slope and offset errors. Based on this demonstrated accuracy we believe the TCM would be useful for a variety of research projects especially where there is a risk of instrument loss or where increased spatial density of measurements is desired.

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Continuous, diurnally fluctuating turbidity currents in Kluane Lake, Yukon Territory

Crookshanks

Gilbert

2008

Can. J. Earth Sci.

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Modern sedimentary processes were studied in Kluane Lake, Yukon Territory, to determine the spatial and temporal patterns of sediment distribution in a large, dynamic, glacier-fed lake. Data from a river monitoring station, moored instruments, sediment traps, and water-column profiles in the lake were used to document lacustrine sedimentary processes in 2006 and 2007. During the peak melt season, the suspended sediment concentration of Slims River is weakly dependent on river discharge and can reach up to 5 g L–1, although a diurnal range between 1 and 2 g L–1 is more commonly observed. The high suspended sediment load in the river generates continuous, diurnally fluctuating turbidity currents in Kluane Lake with maximum velocities up to 0.6 m s–1. During times of peak flow, variations in velocity can be traced to beyond 4 km from the river mouth. The vertical concentration profiles, mass accumulation rates, and suspended sediment loads show distinctive longitudinal variations; the highest rate of accumulation occurs ∼1 km from the point of inflow, which is concurrent with a distinct change in flow structure. Diurnal laminations are apparent in sediment traps close to the point of inflow and can be directly linked to variations in current velocity; however, these laminations do not occur consistently over space or time. These results suggest that long-term measurement records of lacustrine turbidity currents provide valuable insights regarding the multiple scales of environmental variability and have important implications for paleoenvironmental reconstruction using lacustrine sediments.

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Use of inclinometer current meters in weak currents

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Sediment waves in a modern high‐energy glacilacustrine environment

Sediment waves in a modern high‐energy glacilacustrine environment

A comparison of tilt current meters and an acoustic doppler current meter in vineyard sound, Massachusetts

Continuous, diurnally fluctuating turbidity currents in Kluane Lake, Yukon Territory

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