Use of IPM in the control of multiple diseases in maize: Strategies for selection of host resistance

Pratt, Richard C.; Gordon, Stuart G.; Lipps, P. E.; Asea, Godfrey; Bigirwa, G.; Pixley, K.V.

doi:10.4314/acsj.v11i3.27570

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Most of these have been or are being addressed in Uganda (Pratt et al 2003). The nematode challenge should be taken more seriously as studies have indicated maize yield losses as high as 50% due to nematode damage (Keetch 1989;Bridge 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Genetic analysis of resistance to nematodes in inbred maize (Zea mays L.) and maize hybrids

et al. 2011

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Nematodes cause substantial grain yield loss in susceptible maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars. This study was conducted to estimate general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA) and genetic effects associated with nematode resistance in maize. The 30 F 1 hybrids generated from a 6 9 6 diallel and two local checks were evaluated in 2009 at three sites in Uganda. A split plot design was used with nematode treatments serving as whole plots and the hybrids as subplots but arranged in an 8 9 4 spatially adjusted alphalattice design. The experiment was replicated three times. Results showed GCA to be important for the reduction of P. zeae and Meloidogyne spp. densities and increase of root mass, with a contribution of 72 to 93% of the phenotypic variance. Inbreds MP709 and CML206 had the highest GCA for Pratylenchus zeae resistance, whereas for grain yield, it was CML444, CML312 and CML395 that were outstanding. The SCA influenced plant height and grain yield under nematode infestation, contributing 43 and 58% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. Observed reciprocal differences due to maternal effects also played a role in influencing the grain yield under nematode infestation. Overdominance genetic effects explained the non-additive variance recorded for the plant height, grain yield, number of root lesions, and P. zeae and Meloidogyne spp. densities under nematode infestation. The parents MP709, CML206, 5057, and CML444 contributed most of the dominant genes for the P. zeae resistance in all their crosses. The parent CML444 contributed most of the dominant genes for improved grain yield in all of its crosses. The high GCA effects among some parents support their utility in breeding of widely adapted nematode-resistant cultivars. The dominant genes and SCA effects would favour pedigree and various sib tests to improve grain yield under nematode pressure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Genetic analysis of resistance to nematodes in inbred maize (Zea mays L.) and maize hybrids

et al. 2011

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“…The fundamental change in maize breeding in sub-Saharan Africa occurred in the early 2000s with a particular focus on delivering stress-tolerant maize varieties to mitigate the impacts of climate change, especially frequent droughts and complex diseases (Pratt et al, 2004;Bäzinger et al, 2006;Kyetere et al, 2019;Prasanna et al, 2021). The orientation of breeding towards climate adaptation and resilience in the last decade has contributed to the successful development and release of multiple-stress tolerant maize varieties, with significant yield advantages over the marketdominant but obsolete varieties (Setimela et al, 2017;Simtowe et al, 2019;Prasanna et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic trends for yield and key agronomic traits in pre-commercial and commercial maize varieties between 2008 and 2020 in Uganda

et al. 2023

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Estimating genetic gains is vital to optimize breeding programs for increased efficiency. Genetic gains should translate into productivity gains if returns to investments in breeding and impact are to be realized. The objective of this study was to estimate genetic gain for grain yield and key agronomic traits in pre-commercial and commercial maize varieties from public and private breeding programs tested in (i) national performance trials (NPT), (ii) era trial and, (iii) compare the trends with the national average. The study used (i) historical NPT data on 419 improved maize varieties evaluated in 23 trials at 6-8 locations each between 2008 and 2020, and (ii) data from an era trial of 54 maize hybrids released between 1999 and 2020. The NPT data was first analyzed using a mixed model and resulting estimate for each entry was regressed onto its first year of testing. Analysis was done over all entries, only entries from National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO), International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), or private seed companies. Estimated genetic gain was 2.25% or 81 kg ha-1 year-1 from the NPT analysis. A comparison of genetic trends by source indicated that CIMMYT entries had a gain of 1.98% year-1 or 106 kg ha-1 year-1. In contrast, NARO and private sector maize entries recorded genetic gains of 1.30% year-1 (59 kg ha-1 year-1) and 1.71% year-1 (79 kg ha-1 year-1), respectively. Varieties from NARO and private sector showed comparable mean yields of 4.56 t ha-1 and 4.62 t ha-1, respectively, while hybrids from CIMMYT had a mean of 5.37 t ha-1. Era analysis indicated significant genetic gain of 1.69% year-1 or 55 kg ha-1 year-1, while a significant national productivity gain of 1.48% year-1 (37 kg ha-1 year-1) was obtained. The study, thus, demonstrated the importance of public-private partnerships in development and delivery of new genetics to farmers in Uganda.

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“…The most effective, environmentally friendly and economically viable method of MSV management is by the use of host plant resistance (Lagat et al, 2008). To date, a gene responsible for conferring resistance to MSV is identified as msv1 (Kyetere et al, 1995;Nair et al, 2015).This gene has been fine mapped (Nair et al, 2015) to chromosome 1 and thus can be a suitable candidate locus for introgression into susceptible germplasm using marker assisted selection (MAS) (Pratt et al, 2003;Nair et al, 2015). One of CIMMYT"s elite inbred lines, CML202, is known to harbor this gene (Welz et al, 1998).…”

Section: Maize Streak Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Major biotic maize production stresses in Ethiopia and their management through host resistance

Keno¹,

Azmach²,

Wegary³

et al. 2018

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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Biotic stresses are recently evolving very rapidly and posing significant yield losses of maize production in Ethiopia. A number of high yielding maize hybrids, initially developed as tolerant/resistant, have been taken out of production due to their susceptibility to major maize diseases. Furthermore, recent disease and insect pest epidemics have clearly shown the importance of breeding maize for biotic stresses and study the genetics of resistance to the major maize disease pathogens, insect pests and parasitic weeds. This paper gives the general perspective of the major biotic maize production stresses in Ethiopia and the interventions made locally and globally to control these stresses using host resistance. More emphasis was given to grey leaf spot (GLS), turcicum leaf blight (TLB), common leaf rust (CLR), maize streak disease (MSD), maize lethal necrosis (MLN), maize weevil, stalk borers, fall armyworm and Striga. Approaches to conducting genetic analysis and achieving durable host resistance to these stresses, where applicable, are discussed. This information will be used for breeders, private and public maize seed and grain growers who are targeting to operate in Ethiopia and Eastern Africa.

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Use of IPM in the control of multiple diseases in maize: Strategies for selection of host resistance

Cited by 13 publications

References 46 publications

Genetic analysis of resistance to nematodes in inbred maize (Zea mays L.) and maize hybrids

Genetic analysis of resistance to nematodes in inbred maize (Zea mays L.) and maize hybrids

Genetic trends for yield and key agronomic traits in pre-commercial and commercial maize varieties between 2008 and 2020 in Uganda

Major biotic maize production stresses in Ethiopia and their management through host resistance

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