Use of ketamine or lidocaine or in combination for subarachnoid analgesia in goats

DeRossi, Rafael; Junqueira, Alexandre Lopes; Lopes, R A; Beretta, Marcelo Paixão

doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2004.11.009

Cited by 22 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Subarachnoid or epidural injection of KE with similar doses used in this study caused severe block of the motor fibres in horses 4 , goats 7 , and sheep 8 . The ataxic effects observed in our study occurred with both treatments containing KE.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

“…Epidural or subarachnoid injection of KE for perineal or flank analgesia in horses 4 , cattle 5,6 and goats 7,27 has been reported previously. Systemically, KE increases arterial blood pressure and stimulates sympathetic activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Subarachnoid KE combined with lidocaine provides duration three times as long as that observed after administration of KE alone in goats 7 . In the study reported here, KE combined with MG administered to sheep by the epidural route induced a rapid onset with longer duration of the analgesic effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Certain injectable anaesthetics are most extensively used for regional anaesthetic blockade, although they cause adverse effects such as hypotension, respiratory depression, and neurotoxicosis 1 Epidurally, KE is capable of inducing perineal analgesia in humans 3 , horses 4 , and cattle 5,6 or subarachnoidly in goats 7 and sheep 8 . NMDA receptor antagonists prevent central sensitization induced by peripheral nociceptive stimulation and abolish hypersensitization once it is established 9 by blocking dorsal horn NMDA receptor activation induced by excitatory amino acid transmitters, such as glutamate and aspartate [9][10][11] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Drugs can also be synergistic, which accentuates the analgesic/anesthetic effect. Compared with lidocaine administration alone, magnesium sulphate (MgSO 4 ) added to lidocaine in caudal epidural administration increases the duration of the analgesic period in horses 21 , cattle 22 , and goats 7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lumbosacral epidural magnesium prolongs ketamine analgesia in conscious sheep

DeRossi¹,

Pompermeyer²,

Silva-Neto

et al. 2012

Acta Cir. Bras.

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PURPOSE:To determine the analgesic, motor, sedation and systemic effects of lumbosacral epidural magnesium sulphate added to ketamine in the sheep. METHODS: Six healthy adult male mixed-breed sheep; weighing 43 ± 5 kg and aged 20-36 months. Each sheep underwent three treatments, at least 2 weeks apart, via epidural injection: (1) ketamine (KE; 2.5 mg/kg), (2) magnesium sulphate (MG; 100 mg), and (3) KE + MG (KEMG; 2.5 mg/kg + 100 mg, respectively). Epidural injections were administered through the lumbosacral space. Analgesia, motor block, sedation, cardiovascular effects, respiratory rate, skin temperature, and rectal temperature were evaluated before (baseline) and after drug administration as needed. RESULTS:The duration of analgesia with the lumbosacral epidural KEMG combination was 115 ± 17 min (mean ± SD), that is, more than twice that obtained with KE (41 ± 7 min) or MG (29 ± 5 min) alone. KE and KEMG used in this experiment induced severe ataxia. The heart rate and arterial blood pressures changes were no statistical difference in these clinically health sheep. CONCLUSION: The dose of magnesium sulphate to lumbosacral epidural ketamine in sheep is feasible, and can be used in procedures analgesics in sheep. Key words: Ketamine. Analgesia, Epidural. Magnesium Sulfate. Sheep. RESUMO OBJETIVO:Determinar os efeitos analgésicos, motores, sedativos e sistêmicos da adição de sulfato de magnésio na analgesia epidural com quetamina em carneiros. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados seis carneiros machos sadios, pesando 43 ± 5 kg, com idade entre 20 a 36 meses. Cada animal recebeu três tratamentos, com duas semanas entre experimentos via administração epidural: (1) quetamina (KE; 2,5 mg/kg), (2) sulfato de magnésio (MG; 100 mg) e (3) KE + MG (KEMG; 2,5 mg/kg + 100 mg, respectivamente). As administrações epidurais foram administradas no espaço lombosacral. Analgesia, bloqueio motor, sedação, efeitos cardiovasculares, freqüência respiratória, temperatura retal e de pele foram avaliados antes (basal) e depois da administração dos fármacos até o fim da analgesia. RESULTADOS: A duração da analgesia com o tratamento KEMG foi 115 ± 17 min (média ± DP), duas vezes superior ao obtido com o tratamento KE (41 ± 7 min) ou tratamento MG (29 ± 5 min) isolados. Os tratamentos KE e KEMG induziram bloqueio motor severo. As pressões arteriais e freqüência cardíaca não foram estatisticamente significantes nestes animais. CONCLUSÃO: A adição de sulfato de magnésio a analgesia epidural com quetamina é viável, e pode ser usado para prolongar os efeitos analgésicos destes bloqueios em carneiros. Descritores: Quetamina. Analgesia Epidural. Sulfato de Magnésio. Ovinos.DeRossi R et al.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%