Use of larger species such as dog and pig as model systems to study cardiac disease

Coppola, Benjamin A.; Omens, Jeffrey H.

doi:10.1016/j.ddmod.2009.02.004

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Therefore, this study attempts to establish acute myocardial ischemia model by incomplete ligating the left anterior descending artery to reduce flow by 90 %, and evaluate the protective effect of drugs on early myocardial ischemia. The animal species of this research was dog because of that many factors such as heart size, beating rate, and molecular composition were more closer to human than with small animals [ 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effect of Suxiao jiuxin pill, a traditional Chinese medicine, against acute myocardial ischemia in dogs

Zhang

Zhuang

et al. 2015

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Suxiao Jiuxin Pill (SX), a traditional Chinese medicine, on acute myocardial ischemia induced by coronary occlusion in anesthetized dogs.MethodsAcute myocardial ischemia model was established by ligating the left anterior descending artery to reduce flow by 90 %. Adult mongrel dogs were randomly divided into six groups: model, SX high dose, SX middle dose, SX low dose, Isosorbide dinitrate (ISD) and Sham groups. Adult mongrel dogs were anesthetized and instrumented for measurements of heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), left ventricular dP/dt, coronary blood flow (CBF), myocardial blood flow (MBF), coronary vascular resistance (CVR), and epicardial electrocardiogram (EECG). After administration with SX, changes in hemodynamics were recorded. Serum enzymes and blood gas analysis were also detected.ResultsSX has a dose-dependent effect on the reduction of infarct size. Besides, SX exerted a notable inhibition on the elevation of serum creatine kinase MB (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and elevation in the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. SX also showed a capacity to recover myocardial function by significantly reducing MAP, CVR, LVSP, left ventricular systolic pressure (LVEDP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (SDP), and increasing CBF and myocardial blood flow (MBF). In addition, SX high dose group markedly reduced total mV of ST segment elevation (Σ-ST), total number of sites with this degree of ST segment elevation (N-ST) and oxygen extraction ratio (O2 Extr).ConclusionSX can improve hemodynamic and myocardial oxygen metabolism, reduce the degree and scope of myocardial ischemia, and hence exert notable anti-anginal ischaemic effect.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effect of Suxiao jiuxin pill, a traditional Chinese medicine, against acute myocardial ischemia in dogs

Zhang

Zhuang

et al. 2015

BMC Complement Altern Med

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“…The ubiquity and facility with which echocardiography is performed provide the additional advantage of the iterability of this technique: serial echocardiograms can track changes in myocardial function over time after induction of ischemia and in response to treatment [69,77,78]. The related technique of sonomicrometry, which involves the direct implantation of piezoelectric crystals into the ventricular myocardium, allows for excellent resolution but lacks the portability of standard ultrasonographic analysis [79].…”

Section: Quantifying Functional Changes In the Ischemic Myocardiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Crafting a Rigorous, Clinically Relevant Large Animal Model of Chronic Myocardial Ischemia: What Have We Learned in 20 Years?

Stone,

Harris,

Broadwin

et al. 2024

MPs

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The past several decades have borne witness to several breakthroughs and paradigm shifts within the field of cardiovascular medicine, but one component that has remained constant throughout this time is the need for accurate animal models for the refinement and elaboration of the hypotheses and therapies crucial to our capacity to combat human disease. Numerous sophisticated and high-throughput molecular strategies have emerged, including rational drug design and the multi-omics approaches that allow extensive characterization of the host response to disease states and their prospective resolutions, but these technologies all require grounding within a faithful representation of their clinical context. Over this period, our lab has exhaustively tested, progressively refined, and extensively contributed to cardiovascular discovery on the basis of one such faithful representation. It is the purpose of this paper to review our porcine model of chronic myocardial ischemia using ameroid constriction and the subsequent myriad of physiological and molecular–biological insights it has allowed our lab to attain and describe. We hope that, by depicting our methods and the insight they have yielded clearly and completely—drawing for this purpose on comprehensive videographic illustration—other research teams will be empowered to carry our work forward, drawing on our experience to refine their own investigations into the pathogenesis and eradication of cardiovascular disease.

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“…14 Nonhuman primates are close to humans in their genetic make-up, immune system, 15 brain complexity and tolerance for pain. Dogs are used because they have cardiovascular 16 and respiratory systems comparable to humans and cats are used because they have neurological diseases comparable to humans. 17 Pigs are similar to humans in their function and organ sizes, while sheep are docile in nature and are similar to humans in size and physiology.…”

Section: Stages Of Clinical Studies Of a Drug Preclinical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological modeling and biostatistical analysis of a new drug

Ananthakrishnan¹,

Gona²

2010

OAJCT

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Clinical research and clinical trials of experimental drugs to treat human diseases have gained greater importance in recent years. Phase I-IV clinical trials offer patients the opportunity to gain access to a new, more efficacious and safer medication to alleviate or cure their disease. There are potential side effects of every new drug; however, such trials and studies are crucial for drug development and testing in humans. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulated process of evaluating a new drug for treating a particular disease in humans is long, rigorous, and includes the stages starting from preclinical research through the entire human clinical trials process. This review synthesizes results from the above stages and describes the entire mechanism of the clinical study of a new drug for human disease. It emphasizes the associated mathematical modeling and statistical analyses, and bridges pharmacological modeling and biostatistics in clinical research and also provides a basic theoretical overview to biomedical experimentalists. The modern trend in clinical research involves a unified approach among several biomedical subspecialties and it is hoped that even more integrated studies of new drugs will continue to be carried out, leading to novel drugs that are highly effective in curing the associated condition.

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Use of larger species such as dog and pig as model systems to study cardiac disease

Cited by 3 publications

References 46 publications

Protective effect of Suxiao jiuxin pill, a traditional Chinese medicine, against acute myocardial ischemia in dogs

Protective effect of Suxiao jiuxin pill, a traditional Chinese medicine, against acute myocardial ischemia in dogs

Crafting a Rigorous, Clinically Relevant Large Animal Model of Chronic Myocardial Ischemia: What Have We Learned in 20 Years?

Pharmacological modeling and biostatistical analysis of a new drug

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