Use of Lead Isotopic Ratios as Geographical Tracer for Lambrusco PDO Wines

Abstract

In this study, the lead isotope signature was tested with the aim to verify its potential as geographic tracer for wine production and particularly for the Lambrusco PDO wines of the province of Modena (Italy). A solid phase extraction procedure, for separating lead from the investigated matrices, soil and wine, was optimized. Furthermore, different mathematical models, based on an exponential law and internal or external correction approach, were evaluated for the correction of instrumental mass dependent fractionation. The optimized analytical procedure yielded isotopic ratio data relative to the lead NIST 981 standard, 208Pb/206Pb = 2.16664 and 207Pb/206Pb = 0.914645, in good agreement both with the tabulated values and with the most recent literature data. Measured isotope ratio data highlight the contribute of multiple lead sources in bottled wine but different from the one present in soils.

13C NMR-Based Chemical Fingerprint for the Varietal and Geographical Discrimination of Wines

“…8,20,22); Group F: Other wine varieties (sample nos. 2,6,11,13,14,15,16,18,21,24,28,30,36); Group G: Agiorgitiko (sample nos. 25,26); and Group H: Debina (sample nos.…”

“…Many protocols based on different analytical techniques have been reported with the aim of distinguishing between wine samples on the basis of cultivar, geographical, biological, and processes information. Some techniques, such as high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) [ 5 ], mass spectrometry (MS) coupled with inductively coupled plasma (ICP/MS) [ 6 ], or with gas chromatography (GC) [ 7 , 8 ] require specific sample treatments as the solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME). On the other hand, other techniques, such as IR [ 9 ] or Raman [ 10 ] spectroscopy have been employed in combination with chemometrics to determine a fingerprint specific to each wine type, resulting in effectiveness and time saving.…”

Special Issue “Isotopic Techniques for Food Science”

“…Their study included 1245 foods of animal and plant origin and 374 beverages. The data indicate that significant amounts of C-C4 plants (cane, maize) are present in the Brazilian food system, which is reflected in the more positive δ 13 C tissue values in the national population. Thus, these data can be used not only in food authenticity, but also in human anthropology studies.…”

“…The use of stable isotopes of heavier elements such as strontium (Sr) and lead (Pb) can further help to trace the geochemical fingerprinting of a particular region to its food products. In the study performed by Lancellotti et al [ 13 ], the lead isotope signature was tested as a geographical tracer for wine production and particularly for the Lambrusco Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) wines of the province of Modena (Italy). The results indicate the multiple lead sources present in bottled wine; however, none of them corresponds to the one present in soil, showing that anthropogenic sources of lead probably interfere in the soil–wine system.…”

“…Three of the published papers deal with milk and dairy products. For example, the study performed by Wijenayake et al [2] uses multiple δ 2 H, δ 18 O, δ 13 C, and δ 15 N values from casein to verify the geographical origin of dairy products of New Zealand. The authors found that isotopes could distinguish milk products from different regions, except in cases where the feed type, farming environment, and agriculture practice were similar.…”