2006
DOI: 10.1021/es0601484
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Use of Lichens as Pollution Biomonitors in Remote Areas:  Comparison of PAHs Extracted from Lichens and Atmospheric Particles Sampled in and Around the Somport Tunnel (Pyrenees)

Abstract: Lichens of the species Parmelia sulcata were collected from sites on both sides of the Somport tunnel (which links France and Spain) and atmospheric particles were collected by air samplers installed within and on either side of the tunnel. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the lichen and particle samples were then extracted, identified, quantified, and compared to evaluate the potential utility of lichens as pollution biomonitors in remote areas. The origin of the PAHs was also assessed using the Phe… Show more

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Cited by 71 publications
(43 citation statements)
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“…In this way compounds or elements can be extracted from the sample matrix [56]. Ultrasonic methods also increase the rate of reaction in sequential extractions [78] and assist with the homogenous suspension and distribution of slurries [80]. The application of UAE in the extraction of weakly bound organic compounds from their respective matrices is also possible [78], provided that the temperature does not exceed the tolerances of the analyte [80].…”
Section: Extraction Techniquesmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…In this way compounds or elements can be extracted from the sample matrix [56]. Ultrasonic methods also increase the rate of reaction in sequential extractions [78] and assist with the homogenous suspension and distribution of slurries [80]. The application of UAE in the extraction of weakly bound organic compounds from their respective matrices is also possible [78], provided that the temperature does not exceed the tolerances of the analyte [80].…”
Section: Extraction Techniquesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Ultrasonic methods also increase the rate of reaction in sequential extractions [78] and assist with the homogenous suspension and distribution of slurries [80]. The application of UAE in the extraction of weakly bound organic compounds from their respective matrices is also possible [78], provided that the temperature does not exceed the tolerances of the analyte [80]. UAE has been used in the extraction of selenium species from Allium sativum and Brassica juncea prior to chromatographic separation using HPLC-ICP-MS [82] (Table 1).…”
Section: Extraction Techniquesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These low molecular weight compounds are more widely dispersed (Yang et al, 1991) and denote a potential source of long-range contamination, away from the emitting sources. The heaviest PAHs are generally removed from the air by direct (e.g., wet) deposition processes (Blasco et al, 2006), thus having a lower transportability.…”
Section: Comparison Of Both Pine Species In Adjacent Locationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Several authors have been used tree barks, leaves, pine needles, lichens, and mosses as bioaccumulators or/and biomonitors to evaluate the PAHs and/or their derivatives concentrations in the environment [17][18][19][20][21][22].…”
Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning
confidence: 99%