BackgroundSandflies are insects important for the transmission cycles of the leishmaniases. Despite being studied since the 1960s in the State of Rondônia (Brazil), several gaps exist regarding our working knowledge of these insects. This study aimed to construct an up-todate database of sandflies using complementary information from the speciesLink database and the scientific literature, as well as to elaborate integrated abundance maps. We identified 153,155 records of sandflies captured in Rondônia between 1965 after exclusion, 147,258 reports (speciesLink -3,408, Rondônia studies -143,850) associated with 15 genera and 140 species were mapped. The most abundant species observed were