Use of Metal Carbide Coated Graphite Cuvettes Eor the Atomic Absorption Analysis of Organotins

Vickrey, Thomas M.; Harrison, Gabrielle V.; Ramelow, Gerald J.; Carver, James

doi:10.1080/00032718008077999

Cited by 27 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Atomic absorption analyses were done with a Hitachi Model 180-70 Zeeman-Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer using standard conditions (1,6,12,13,14). Mean values are reported for As(III) and total As for duplicate samples.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of ph and contact time on the concentration of As(III) and As(V) in coal ash systems

Alberts

Weber

Evans

1988

Environmental Technology Letters

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The concentrations of As(III) and As(V) were determined as a function of pH and contact time for water/coal ash systems. Laboratory studies showed that adsorption was the major controller of concentration at all pH values studied. Field studies in a coal ash disposal basin/stream system showed elevated As concentrations in the basin waters, but no increase of As(III) or As(V) in a stream receiving ash basin outflow. As(III) was preferentially removed from solution relative to As(V) in laboratory studies of acidic systems and in field studies at near neutral pH values.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of ph and contact time on the concentration of As(III) and As(V) in coal ash systems

Alberts

Weber

Evans

1988

Environmental Technology Letters

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“…The platform technique exhibits higher sensitivity than the direct injection on the tube wall [10,11,16].…”

Section: Discussion Of the Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organotin compounds (except methyltin compounds) and total tin [Biomonitoring Methods, 1994]

Müller¹

2012

The MAK‐Collection for Occupational Health and Safety

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Published in the series Analyses of Hazardous Substances in Biological Materials , Vol. 4 (1994) The article contains sections titled: General principles Equipment, chemicals and solutions Equipment Chemicals Solutions Calibration standards Specimen collection and sample preparation Specimen collection and storage Extraction of the organotin compounds Extraction of the total tin Operational parameters for atomic absorption spectrometry Analytical determination Calibration and calculation of the analytical result Standardization and quality control Reliability of the method Precision Accuracy Detection limit Sources of error Discussion of the method

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“…A similar result was found by Sotera et al (77) for a borontreated surface. Vickrey et al found that a zirconium carbide surface allowed organolead (72) and organotin (13) compounds to be determined by using aqueous standards in the furnace while this could not be accomplished on normal graphite. It was reported by Thompson et al (14) that a La treatment of graphite led to reduced matrix interferences in the determination of Pb and Cd, while Hodges (75) stated that a phosphate-induced molecular absorption signal was greatly lowered through the use of a molybdenum-treated surface.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of furnace atomization behavior of aluminum from standard and thorium-treated L'vov platforms

Brueggemeyer¹,

Fricke²

1986

Anal. Chem.

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A standard pyrolytlc graphite L'vov platform was compared to one treated by soaking In a 10% thorlum nitrate solution.The half-wldhs d fwnace atomk absorptbn peak profiles for Ai were reduced by as much as a factor of 4 by the modlfled surlace, and the maxlmum pennWble drarrlng temperature was extended by more than 800 O C . The peak area preckh (1.5% relative standard devlatbn for 200 pg of AI) and sen-sltivHy were comparable to those obtained with untreated platforms. Thls behavlor was stlli observed afler 500 flrlngs of a treated platform at 2450 O C .Improvements in trace-metal analyses using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) have been hindered by the lack of fundamental knowledge concerning the high-temperature chemistry taking place in the furnace itself. Due to this uncertainty many analysts have resorted to an empirical approach in their attempts to modify the behavior of analyte in the furnace. Such research necessarily has a trial-and-error appearance-various reagents and conditions examined until success is reached. This has been particularly true in the area of graphite atomizer surface modification.The treatment of graphite with various metals or solutions of their salts has produced new surfaces exhibiting properties markedly different than those of the original graphite. The chief pattern that has emerged is the fact that most metals used to modify graphite are known to form metal carbides.It is not known whether the carbide-forming metals not reported in the literature as surface modifiers have yet to be tried or have been found ineffective.The most commonly reported advantage of a metal-treated surface is an increase in analyte sensitivity (1-8). It should be pointed out that in some instances various authors explicitly mentioned that peak heights were used in preference to integrated peak areas or did not mention which mode of quantification was used. It is possible in some of these cases that the reported sensitivity improvement for peak heights was in fact a peak sharpening, leaving integrated area un-changed. Theory (9) predicts that integrated peak area is the better indicator of the extent of free atom formaton. It should also be pointed out that most of the reported sensitivity enhancements were in comparison to nonpyrolytic graphite tubes, which have now been largely supplanted by pyrolytically coated graphite. In some instances the advantages indicated might not have been realized over the newer graphite.The benefits of metal-modified graphite surfaces have extended beyond signal enhancement. It was reported by Norval et al. (10) that a tungsten-or tantalum-treated surface resulting from sputtering of the metal led to an improved resistance of the graphite surface toward oxidizing acids. A similar result was found by Sotera et al. (11) for a borontreated surface. Vickrey et al. found that a zirconium carbide surface allowed organolead (12) and organotin (13) compounds to be determined by using aqueous standards in the furnace while this could not be accomplished on ...

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Use of Metal Carbide Coated Graphite Cuvettes Eor the Atomic Absorption Analysis of Organotins

Cited by 27 publications

References 16 publications

The effect of ph and contact time on the concentration of As(III) and As(V) in coal ash systems

The effect of ph and contact time on the concentration of As(III) and As(V) in coal ash systems

Organotin compounds (except methyltin compounds) and total tin [Biomonitoring Methods, 1994]

Comparison of furnace atomization behavior of aluminum from standard and thorium-treated L'vov platforms

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