Use of microalgae: Tetraselmis tetrathele extract in formulation of nanoemulsions for cosmeceutical application

Abstract

Cosmeceuticals are cosmetic-hybrids intended to enhance health and beauty of the skin. Topical delivery of antioxidants from natural bioresources has gained attention in line with the increasing demand for harmless cosmetics. Tetraselmis tetrathele is a microalgae species, which has high antioxidant contents. In this work, ternary phase analysis with different compositions of oil, surfactant, and water was conducted to evaluate homogeneity and stability of nanoemulsion lotion containing 1% T. tetrathele extract. The three formulations T1, T2, and T3 containing various percentages of the surfactant Tween 80, T1 (20 wt% of Tween 80), T2 (15 wt% of Tween 80), and T3 (10 wt% of Tween 80), were analyzed for size and zeta potential to evaluate stability of the nanoemulsion. All particles were nanosized ranging from 102.3 to 249.5 nm. Zeta potential analysis for all emulsions showed negative values from − 33.2 to − 71.7 mV, which indicates high stability of the nanoemulsion. In order to evaluate the storage stability, a stability test was conducted at different temperature levels (4, 25, and 45 °C) for 10 weeks. At all temperature conditions, T1, T2, and T3 were stable with exception of T3 that precipitated and sedimented after 8 weeks. This study illustrated that T. tetrathele extract can be used as bioactive compound for nanocosmeceutical products, which has high homogeneity and stability.

Tolerance of Tetraselmis tetrathele to High Ammonium Nitrogen and Its Effect on Growth Rate, Carotenoid, and Fatty Acids Productivity

“…Tetraselmis tetrathele , which belong to the Chlorophyta phylum, is a green marine microalga widely used in aquaculture as feeds for marine lives, such as molluscs (Blanchard et al, 2008 ; Lu et al, 2017 ), crustacean larvae (Magnotti et al, 2016 ) and as a probiotic in fish (Grotkjær et al, 2016 ; Dittmann et al, 2020 ). The wide application of T. tetrathele could be attributed to the presence of numerous bioactive, biochemical compounds, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), polysaccharides, lipids, protein, enzymes and carotenoids in the microalgae cells (Tsai et al, 2016 ; Di Lena et al, 2019 ; Farahin et al, 2019 ; Schüler et al, 2020 ). From the culturing perspective, Chlorophyceae was noted to exhibit significant tolerance to high ammonium nitrogen concentration compared to other algae phylum, such as Cyanophyceae, Diatomophyceae, Dinophyceae, Prymnesiophyceae, and Raphidophyceae (Collos and Harrison, 2014 ).…”

Formulation and Optimization of Nanoemulsions Using the Natural Surfactant Saponin from Quillaja Bark

“…In other words, water, oil, and surfactant (or a combination of surfactants) are mixed to form a macroscopically homogeneous system from two or more immiscible compounds. In fact, because of its versatility [1,2], the technological application of emulsions is vast among industries that include food [3][4][5], pharmaceutics [6][7][8], and cosmetics [9][10][11]. Among the different types of emulsions, micro-and nanoemulsions present the most appealing properties due to their higher stability and possibility to serve as potential carriers of functionalities [12].…”

The role of bioactive phytoconstituents-loaded nanoemulsions for skin improvement: a review

“…cosmeceuticals are a niche of cosmetic products in which active ingredients impart their cosmetic benefits, evidence therapeutic effects capable of changing skin function and structure. cosmeceuticals are basically functionalized cosmetics with beauty and health applications [32,34]. On the other hand, cosmetics are products used to care for and clean the human skin, to make it more attractive and beautiful, and promote well-being without affecting body organs and parts or functions [31,35].…”