The role of bioactive phytoconstituents-loaded nanoemulsions for skin improvement: a review

Abstract

As the largest organ in the human body, the skin should be protected from various harmful chemicals and pollutants from the surrounding environment and ultraviolet (UVA/UVB) radiation emitted from sunlight. This has prompted formulation scientists to embark on new technology to formulate cosmetics free of synthetic chemicals using natural plant-based extracts as the replacement. Natural phytoanti-oxidants, viz. catechin, quercetin and gallic acid, are polyphenols whose therapeutic values (antioxidative, antityrosinase, antiviral and antimicrobial) are underutilized. Plant-based nanoemulsions offer an efficient and safe topical delivery system for improving the skin and regenerative treatment. The bioavailability of the phytoanti-oxidants for molecular-level skin repair is enhanced by better permeation of the nanoemulsions' nano-sized particles through the stratum corneum. This review highlights several phytoconstituent-containing nanoemulsions and their bioactivities for cosmetic applications. The mechanisms of skin improvement for anti-aging skin are also presented in detail. In short, nanoemulsion technology is a powerful tool for an effective topical delivery system of potent skin-protecting and rejuvenating plant-based extracts. With increasing demand from consumers worldwide for nano-formulated phytohormones or phytoextractives, nanoemulsions will see a new dimension with better future prospects.

Enhanced Cosmeceutical Potentials of the Oil from Gryllus bimaculatus de Geer by Nanoemulsions

“…In general, melanogenesis consists of two stages mediated by the tyrosinase enzyme, the first of which is DOPA synthesis and the second of which is DOPA oxidation to dopaquinone. 58 F1 was found to inhibit the tyrosinase activities when the substrates were both L-tyrosine and L-DOPA, with inhibitions of 96.5 ± 0.2% and 87.9 ± 1.4%, respectively. As tyrosinase is an enzyme that plays a part in the metabolic process that generates hyperpigmentation of the human skin via the biosynthesis of melanin in the human skin, the compounds or formulations that possessed anti-tyrosinase activity were appealing for whitening effects.…”

Antibacterial Activity of Marigold Flower (Tagetes Erecta L.) Ethanol Extract Cream Against Staphylococcus Aureus

“…Furthermore, Mekvimol et al (2020) revealed that marigold flowers contain polyphenolic compounds of the flavonol group, namely laricitrin and its glycosides and have inhibitory benefits as an antibacterial against Streptococcus agalactiae. Romes et al (2021) found marigold flower extract contains natural photoantioxidants such as quercetin, gallic acid, and polyphenols having medicinal properties (antioxidative antityrosinase, antiviral, and antimicrobial). The extract protects the skin from UVA/UVB rays and improves skin and regenerative treatments (Mertha Adnyana and Sudaryati, 2023).…”

“…Flavonoid compounds and tannins work by damaging the cytoplasmic membrane and forming complexes with proteins through hydrophobic interactions, which ultimately disrupt the metabolism of bacterial cells resulting in lysis (Burlec et al, 2022;Zanovello et al, 2021;Zhang et al, 2020). Furthermore, previous research revealed that parts of the marigold flower have pharmacological benefits (Fu et al, 2019;Romes et al, 2021) and potential cosmetic raw materials (Kumar et al, 2021;Mekjaruskul et al, 2021).…”

A Potential Valorization Strategy of Wine Industry by-Products and Their Application in Cosmetics—Case Study: Grape Pomace and Grapeseed

“…The base formulation of face moisturizers consists in a solvent, emollients, humectants, emulsifiers, neutralizers, and thickening agents. Formulation stabilizers -such as chelating agents, antioxidants, and preservatives, and aesthetical attributes, for example fragrances, dyes, and pigments, can also be added to the formulation to make it more stable and attractive to consumers [28][29][30].…”