Use of mild organic acid reagents to recover the Co and Li from spent Li-ion batteries

Nayaka, G.P.; Pai, K. Vasantakumar; Manjanna, J.; Keny, S.J.

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2015.12.008

Cited by 183 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Many articles have focused on the stage of leaching with minerals acid [4,7,10,11], bioleaching [5], and organics acids [12][13][14][15]. Other proposed processes include precipitation [16,17], thermal treatment [18], reduction roasting [19], and mechanical separation [20].…”

Section: Anode Cathodementioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of Cobalt from Spent Lithium-Ion Mobile Phone Batteries Using Liquid–Liquid Extraction

et al. 2019

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The aim of this paper was to propose and test a continuous cobalt recovery process from waste mobile phone batteries. The procedure started with dismantling, crushing, and classifying the materials. A study on leaching with sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide was carried out with subsequent selective separation of cobalt by means of liquid–liquid extraction. The best extraction conditions were determined based on a sequence of experiments that consisted of selecting the best extractant for cobalt, then assessing the impact of extractant concentration, pH, and contact time on the extraction yield. With these conditions, an extraction isotherm was obtained and correlated with a mathematical model to define the number of extraction stages for a countercurrent process using the McCabe–Thiele method. Then, a similar study was done for stripping conditions and, as a last step, cobalt electroplating was performed. The proposed process offers a solution for the treatment of these batteries, avoiding potential problems of contamination and risk for living beings, as well as offering an opportunity to recover valuable metal.

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Section: Anode Cathodementioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of Cobalt from Spent Lithium-Ion Mobile Phone Batteries Using Liquid–Liquid Extraction

et al. 2019

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“…While highly toxic, NMP is the most efficient solvent for PVDF, as reported by Yang et al [99] after they compared the efficiency of several solvents. Particularly, coupling NMP with sonication helps to detach the coating from the Al substrate [99,100]. Ionic liquids have been used by Zeng at al.…”

Section: Removal Of Current Collector and Bindermentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress and Status of Hydrometallurgical and Direct Recycling of Li-Ion Batteries and Beyond

et al. 2020

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An exponential market growth of Li-ion batteries (LIBs) has been observed in the past 20 years; approximately 670,000 tons of LIBs have been sold in 2017 alone. This trend will continue owing to the growing interest of consumers for electric vehicles, recent engagement of car manufacturers to produce them, recent developments in energy storage facilities, and commitment of governments for the electrification of transportation. Although some limited recycling processes were developed earlier after the commercialization of LIBs, these are inadequate in the context of sustainable development. Therefore, significant efforts have been made to replace the commonly employed pyrometallurgical recycling method with a less detrimental approach, such as hydrometallurgical, in particular sulfate-based leaching, or direct recycling. Sulfate-based leaching is the only large-scale hydrometallurgical method currently used for recycling LIBs and serves as baseline for several pilot or demonstration projects currently under development. Conversely, most project and processes focus only on the recovery of Ni, Co, Mn, and less Li, and are wasting the iron phosphate originating from lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries. Although this battery type does not dominate the LIB market, its presence in the waste stream of LIBs causes some technical concerns that affect the profitability of current recycling processes. This review explores the current processes and alternative solutions to pyrometallurgy, including novel selective leaching processes or direct recycling approaches.

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“…It is important to find an economical and eco-friendly method as well to optimize the current leaching. Unlike inorganic acids, some mild organic acids, such as oxalic acid (Nayaka et al, 2016), malic acid (Horeh et al, 2016), and citric acid (Bahaloo- Horeh and Mousavi, 2017;Zhen et al, 2016), are attracting attention, since they are environmentally benign and can be recirculated in the process. Citric acid and hydrogen peroxide were introduced as leaching reagents for leaching of Co and Li by Li et al (2010b), and a recovery of more than 90% Co and nearly 100% Li were achieved by leaching with 1.25 M citric acid solution, 1.0 vol.% hydrogen peroxide, and a S:L ratio of 20 g l −l with agitation at 300 rev/min in a batch extractor within 30 min of the processing time at 90°C.…”

Section: • • Acid Leachingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on management of spent lithium ion batteries and strategy for resource recycling of all components from them

Zhang

et al. 2017

Waste Manag Res

129

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The wide use of lithium ion batteries (LIBs) has brought great numbers of discarded LIBs, which has become a common problem facing the world. In view of the deleterious effects of spent LIBs on the environment and the contained valuable materials that can be reused, much effort in many countries has been made to manage waste LIBs, and many technologies have been developed to recycle waste LIBs and eliminate environmental risks. As a review article, this paper introduces the situation of waste LIB management in some developed countries and in China, and reviews separation technologies of electrode components and refining technologies of LiCoO and graphite. Based on the analysis of these recycling technologies and the structure and components characteristics of the whole LIB, this paper presents a recycling strategy for all components from obsolete LIBs, including discharge, dismantling, and classification, separation of electrode components and refining of LiCoO/graphite. This paper is intended to provide a valuable reference for the management, scientific research, and industrial implementation on spent LIBs recycling, to recycle all valuable components and reduce the environmental pollution, so as to realize the win-win situation of economic and environmental benefits.

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Use of mild organic acid reagents to recover the Co and Li from spent Li-ion batteries

Cited by 183 publications

References 28 publications

Recovery of Cobalt from Spent Lithium-Ion Mobile Phone Batteries Using Liquid–Liquid Extraction

Recovery of Cobalt from Spent Lithium-Ion Mobile Phone Batteries Using Liquid–Liquid Extraction

Progress and Status of Hydrometallurgical and Direct Recycling of Li-Ion Batteries and Beyond

A review on management of spent lithium ion batteries and strategy for resource recycling of all components from them

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