“…Disciplinary-based studies in physics (Hake, 1998;Watkins & Mazur, 2013), biological science (Eastwood, Sadler, Sherwood, & Schlegel, 2013;Kazempour, Amirshokoohi, & Harwood, 2012), chemistry (Carmel, Jessa, & Yezierski, 2015;Murphy, Picione, & Holme, 2010), mathematics (Kogan & Laursen, 2014;Love, Hodge, Grandgenett, & Swift, 2014), and engineering (Olakanmi & Doyoyo, 2014;Pakala & Bose, 2015) provide compelling evidence that active learning pedagogies have a positive impact on learners' conceptual understandings. An often cited meta-analysis concludes that traditional lecturing in STEM courses yields a 1.5 times higher course failure rate than active learning methods (Freeman et al, 2014).…”