Use of Multiple Drugs among Adolescents Who Use Anabolic Steroids

DuRant, Robert H.; Rickert, Vaughn I.; Ashworth, Carolyn S.; Newman, Cheryl; Slavens, Gregory

doi:10.1056/nejm199304013281304

Cited by 258 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This finding suggests that polysubstance use may be a salient pathway from sexual minority status to AAS misuse, and is consistent with previous research revealing that AAS misuse is strongly associated with use of a variety of other substances. 30,37,38 Despite the combined intermediate variables accounting for significant variance in the relationship between sexual minority status and AAS misuse, the direct effect was still significant (although substantially reduced). It is therefore possible that there are additional unmeasured variables that account for the variance in this relationship.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Sexual Orientation and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids in US Adolescent Boys

Blashill

Safren

2014

Pediatrics

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Anabolic-androgenic steroid misuse is not uncommon among adolescent boys, and initial use in adolescence is associated with a host of maladaptive outcomes, including cardiovascular, endocrine, and psychiatric complications. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:This is the first known study to examine prevalence rates of anabolic-androgenic steroid misuse as a function of sexual orientation. A dramatic disparity was found, in that sexual minority boys reported misuse at a much higher rate than heterosexual boys. RESULTS: Sexual minority adolescent boys were at an increased odds of 5.8 (95% confidence interval 4.1-8.2) to report a lifetime prevalence of AAS (21% vs 4%) compared with their heterosexual counterparts, P , .001. Exploratory analyses suggested that increased depressive symptoms/suicidality, victimization, and substance use contributed to this disparity.CONCLUSIONS: This is the first known study to test and find substantial health disparities in the prevalence of AAS misuse as a function of sexual orientation. Prevention and intervention efforts are needed for sexual minority adolescent boys. Pediatrics 2014;133:469-475

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Sexual Orientation and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids in US Adolescent Boys

Blashill

Safren

2014

Pediatrics

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“…Some were restricted to boys; major studies that included girls (Durant et al, 1993(Durant et al, ,1994Elliot et al, 2004;Faigenbaum et al, 1998;Fisher et al, 1996;Irving et al, 2002;Scott et al, 1986;Tanner et al, 1995) are summarized in Table 3. All of these studies used anonymous or confidential questionnaires; none, to our knowledge, provided an explicit definition of AAS, and none cautioned respondents that AAS should not be confused with corticosteroids or sports supplements.…”

Section: High-school Surveysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anabolic steroid abuse among teenage girls: An illusory problem?

Kanayama

Boynes

Hudson

et al. 2007

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

100

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Background-Recent media reports have portrayed an alarming increase in apparent anabolicandrogenic steroid (AAS) use among American teenage girls; Congress even held hearings on the subject in June 2005. We questioned whether AAS use among teenage girls was as widespread as claimed.Methods-We reviewed four large national surveys and many smaller surveys examining the prevalence of AAS use among teenage girls. Virtually all of these surveys used anonymous questionnaires. We asked particularly whether the language of survey questions might generate falsepositive responses among girls who misinterpreted the term "steroid." We also reviewed data from other countries, together with results from the only recent study (to our knowledge) in which investigators personally interviewed female AAS users.Results-The surveys produced remarkably disparate findings, with the lifetime prevalence of AAS use estimated as high as 7.3% among ninth-grade girls in one study, but only 0.1% among teenage girls in several others. Upon examining the surveys reporting an elevated prevalence, it appeared that most used questions that failed to distinguish between anabolic steroids, corticosteroids, and over-the-counter supplements that respondents might confuse with "steroids." Other features in the phrasing of certain questions also seemed likely to further bias results in favor of false-positive responses.Conclusions-Many anonymous surveys, using imprecise questions, appear to have greatly overestimated the lifetime prevalence of AAS use among teenage girls; the true lifetime prevalence may well be as low as 0.1%. Future studies can test this impression by using a carefully phrased question regarding AAS use.

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“…The retrospective nature of the data is problematic, as is the fact that the typical user is a young male athlete, a very specific population, and a population that may well be prone to violence in the first place. An additional confound is the fact that young men are also prone to high levels of drinking; extensive use of alcohol in association with anabolic steroids has been reported in the literature (DuRant, Rickert, Ashworth, Newman, & Slavens, 1993;Pope & Katz, 1988).…”

Section: Anabolic-androgenic Steroidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drugs of abuse and the elicitation of human aggressive behavior

Hoaken

Stewart

2003

Addictive Behaviors

343

235

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The drug -violence relationship exists for several reasons, some direct (drugs pharmacologically inducing violence) and some indirect (violence occurring in order to attain drugs). Moreover, the nature of that relationship is often complex, with intoxication, neurotoxic, and withdrawal effects often being confused and/or confounded. This paper reviews the existing literature regarding the extent to which various drugs of abuse may be directly associated with heightened interpersonal violence. Alcohol is clearly the drug with the most evidence to support a direct intoxication -violence relationship. The literatures concerning benzodiazepines, opiates, psychostimulants, and phencyclidine (PCP) are idiosyncratic but suggest that personality factors may be as (or more) important than pharmacological ones. Cannabis reduces likelihood of violence during intoxication, but mounting evidence associates withdrawal with aggressivity. The literature on the relationship between steroids and aggression is largely confounded, and between 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and aggression insufficient to draw any reasonable conclusions. Conclusions and policy implications are briefly discussed. D

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Use of Multiple Drugs among Adolescents Who Use Anabolic Steroids

Abstract: In our study, adolescent users of anabolic steroids were likely to use other drugs as well, and many were sharing needles.

Cited by 258 publications

References 24 publications

Sexual Orientation and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids in US Adolescent Boys

Sexual Orientation and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids in US Adolescent Boys

Anabolic steroid abuse among teenage girls: An illusory problem?

Drugs of abuse and the elicitation of human aggressive behavior

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