Use of nanoindentation technique for a better understanding of the fracture toughness of Strombus gigas conch shell

Romana, Laurence; Pandorf, Thomas; Bilas, Philippe; Mansot, Jean-Louis; Merrifiels, M.; Bercion, Y.; Aranda, Dalila Aldana

doi:10.1016/j.matchar.2012.11.010

Cited by 41 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The effects of the different treatments on tube hardness (H) and Young modulus of elasticity (E) were determined using nanoindentation apparatus [6] , [50] , [51] . After the SEM imaging analysis, the gold-palladium alloy coating together with the etched layers of sectional surfaces were removed by further sectioning using the ultramicrotome with a diamond knife.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Marine benthic invertebrates protect their soft tissues from predators, pathogens, and abrasions with a tube or shell made of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) built using a sophisticated biomineralization process [1] , [2] , [3] . The biologically produced tubes typically have superior mechanical properties compared to naturally occurring inorganic CaCO 3 [4] , [5] , [6] . These mechanical properties depend on the size and arrangement of the crystal units, the polymorph composition (calcite/aragonite ratio), the degree of calcium substitution in the CaCO 3 mineral lattice by magnesium (Mg) and strontium (Sr), and the quantity and quality of the organic matrix [7] , [8] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature Dependent Effects of Elevated CO2 on Shell Composition and Mechanical Properties of Hydroides elegans: Insights from a Multiple Stressor Experiment

Chan

Thiyagarajan

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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The majority of marine benthic invertebrates protect themselves from predators by producing calcareous tubes or shells that have remarkable mechanical strength. An elevation of CO2 or a decrease in pH in the environment can reduce intracellular pH at the site of calcification and thus interfere with animal’s ability to accrete CaCO3. In nature, decreased pH in combination with stressors associated with climate change may result in the animal producing severely damaged and mechanically weak tubes. This study investigated how the interaction of environmental drivers affects production of calcareous tubes by the serpulid tubeworm, Hydroides elegans. In a factorial manipulative experiment, we analyzed the effects of pH (8.1 and 7.8), salinity (34 and 27‰), and temperature (23°C and 29°C) on the biomineral composition, ultrastructure and mechanical properties of the tubes. At an elevated temperature of 29°C, the tube calcite/aragonite ratio and Mg/Ca ratio were both increased, the Sr/Ca ratio was decreased, and the amorphous CaCO3 content was reduced. Notably, at elevated temperature with decreased pH and reduced salinity, the constructed tubes had a more compact ultrastructure with enhanced hardness and elasticity compared to decreased pH at ambient temperature. Thus, elevated temperature rescued the decreased pH-induced tube impairments. This indicates that tubeworms are likely to thrive in early subtropical summer climate. In the context of climate change, tubeworms could be resilient to the projected near-future decreased pH or salinity as long as surface seawater temperature rise at least by 4°C.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature Dependent Effects of Elevated CO2 on Shell Composition and Mechanical Properties of Hydroides elegans: Insights from a Multiple Stressor Experiment

Chan

Thiyagarajan

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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“…Hydrated materials are less likely to crack, because of their increased toughness, and decreased indentation hardness and modulus. Data are from (21,122,123, own data) (biological materials), (121) (mild steel, soda lime glass, and diamond), (62,124)…”

Section: The Competition Between Quasi-plasticity and Brittle Fracturementioning

confidence: 99%

On the relationship between indenation hardness and modulus, and the damage resistance of biological materials

Labonte

Lenz

Oyen

2017

Preprint

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The remarkable mechanical performance of biological materials is based on intricate structure-function relationships. Nanoindentation has become the primary tool for characterising biological materials, as it allows to relate structural changes to variations in mechanical properties on small scales. However, the respective theoretical background and associated interpretation of the parameters measured via indentation derives largely from research on 'traditional' engineering materials such as metals or ceramics. Here, we discuss the functional relevance of indentation hardness in biological materials by presenting a meta-analysis of its relationship with indentation modulus. Across seven orders of magnitude, indentation hardness was directly proportional to indentation modulus, illustrating that hardness is not an independent material property. Using a lumped parameter model to deconvolute indentation hardness into components arising from reversible and irreversible deformation, we establish criteria which allow to interpret differences in indentation hardness across or within biological materials. The ratio between hardness and modulus arises as a key parameter, which is a proxy for the ratio between irreversible and reversible deformation during indentation, and the material's yield strength. Indentation hardness generally increases upon material dehydration, however to a larger extend than expected from accompanying changes in indentation modulus, indicating that water acts as a 'plasticiser'. A detailed discussion of the role of indentation hardness, modulus and toughness in damage control during sharp or blunt indentation yields comprehensive guidelines for a performance-based ranking of biological materials, and suggests that quasi-plastic deformation is a frequent yet poorly understood damage mode, highlighting an important area of future research.

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“…This structure is hierarchically assembled by ordinary brittle inorganic calcium carbonate with only 0.1–1 wt.% organic matrix2122. The crossed-lamellar structure in conch Strombus gigas has drawn a lot of attention, and its microstructure has been well described192122232425262728. Specifically, the structure is stacked by the 1st-order lamellae, which are further composed of laths (the 2nd-order lamellae) of parallel mineral fibers (the 3rd-order lamellae).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The architecture of the three-layer crossed-lamellae structure in conch Strombus gigas is in a 0°/90°/0° mode, i.e., the arranged direction of the 1st-order lamellae in the middle layer has a 90° rotation with respect to those in the inner and outer layers. The mechanical tests, including bending, compression and indentation tests2122232425262728, indicated that this shell fails gradually, i.e., in the form of so-called ‘graceful failure’, reflecting a superior toughness compared with pure mineral aragonite. Actually, the unique construction of the crossed-lamellar structure provides multiply and complex interfaces at different levels of lamellae, which provide several energy dissipating mechanisms during deformation, such as multiple microcracking, crack bridging and crack deflection6.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cymbiola nobilis shell: Toughening mechanisms in a crossed-lamellar structure

Chen

2017

Sci Rep

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Natural structural materials with intricate hierarchical architectures over several length scales exhibit excellent combinations of strength and toughness. Here we report the mechanical response of a crossed-lamellar structure in Cymbiola nobilis shell via stepwise compression tests, focusing on toughening mechanisms. At the lower loads microcracking is developed in the stacked direction, and channel cracking along with uncracked-ligament bridging and aragonite fiber bridging occurs in the tiled direction. At the higher loads the main mechanisms involve cracking deflection in the bridging lamellae in the tiled direction alongside step-like cracking in the stacked direction. A distinctive crack deflection in the form of “convex” paths occurs in alternative lamellae with respect to the channel cracks in the tiled direction. Furthermore, a barb-like interlocking mechanism along with the uneven interfaces in the 1st-order aragonite lamellae is also observed. The unique arrangement of the crossed-lamellar structure provides multiple interfaces which result in a complicated stress field ahead of the crack tip, hence increasing the toughness of shell.

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Use of nanoindentation technique for a better understanding of the fracture toughness of Strombus gigas conch shell

Cited by 41 publications

References 25 publications

Temperature Dependent Effects of Elevated CO2 on Shell Composition and Mechanical Properties of Hydroides elegans: Insights from a Multiple Stressor Experiment

Temperature Dependent Effects of Elevated CO2 on Shell Composition and Mechanical Properties of Hydroides elegans: Insights from a Multiple Stressor Experiment

On the relationship between indenation hardness and modulus, and the damage resistance of biological materials

Cymbiola nobilis shell: Toughening mechanisms in a crossed-lamellar structure

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