Use of Outdoor Freshwater Pond Microcosms: I. Microcosm Design and Fate of Pyridaben

Rand, Gary M.; Clark, James R.; Holmes, Catherine M.

doi:10.1897/1551-5028(2000)019<0387:uoofpm>2.3.co;2

Cited by 2 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Bluegill sunfish were also purchased from a commercial supplier, acclimated, and stocked as juveniles in each microcosm. Each microcosm tank was divided into 12 1‐m quadrats and the center of the selected quadrat was sampled [1].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To avoid cross‐contamination, maximize distribution, and minimize loss of chemical, all treatments were made directly below the water surface in each tank. A separate electrically controlled applicator was used for each of the four treatments [1]. The control was treated similarly with water.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The control was treated similarly with water. Physical, chemical, and biological monitoring occurred during all phases of this study, as previously discussed [1].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pyridaben (2‐ tert ‐butyl‐5(4‐ tert ‐butyl‐benzylthio)‐4‐chlo‐ropyridazin‐3(2H)‐one), a broad‐spectrum insecticide‐miti‐cide for agricultural use, has a short half‐life in water (11.8–28.5 h) when applied directly outdoors in freshwater microcosms at maximum labeled rates and with a minimum interval (30 d) between treatments [1]. That study confirmed the rapid photodegradation of pyridaben (G.M.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The microcosm study provides the major multispecies aquatic assessment for use in the aquatic risk assessment of pyridaben in support of its registration in the United States. The specific microcosm design and preparation used in this study, including fate modeling and residue analyses results, have been previously described [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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USE of outdoor freshwater pond microcosms: II. Responses of biota to pyridaben

Rand

Clark

Holmes

2000

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

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The effects of pyridaben, an insecticide‐miticide on zooplankton, macroinvertebrates, and fish were studied in outdoor freshwater microcosms using an analysis of variance design with three chemical concentrations (0.34, 3.4, 34.0 μg/L) and one untreated control randomized among 24 tanks. Each treatment was replicated six times. Monitoring was conducted during an 11‐month baseline phase followed by a total of three months for treatment and posttreatment phases. Two applications of a wettable powder formulation were sprayed directly below the water surface with a 30‐d interval between treatments. Copepoda adult abundance was significantly reduced at 34.0 μg/L but recovery occurred within 6 weeks after application. Abundance of copepoda nauplii was significantly reduced at 3.4 and 34.0 μg/L, after applications one and two; effects were more severe at 34.0 μg/L and recovery was more rapid at 3.4 μg/L. Abundance of Rotifera was reduced at 34.0 μg/L, after applications one and two, and recovery occurred within 8 weeks for all groups except Polyarthra and Keratella. Of the most abundant Cladocera, abundance of Alona was not significantly affected and abundance of Latonopsis was significantly reduced at 34.0 μg/L, after applications one and two, but recovery occurred within 6 weeks. Abundance of Latonopsis also was significantly reduced at 3.4 μg/L, after applications one and two, but recovery occurred within 2 weeks. A significant decrease occurred in the abundances of Cnidaria, Insecta, and Hydracarina at 34.0 μg/L, only after application one. Pyridaben was toxic to bluegill at 34.0 μg/L, but was not acutely toxic at the laboratory 96‐h LC50 concentration (∼3.4 μg/L).

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The control was treated similarly with water. Physical, chemical, and biological monitoring occurred during all phases of this study, as previously discussed [1].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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