Use of partial discharge patterns to assess the quality of sample/electrode contacts in flash sintering

Fagnard, Jean-François; Gajdowski, Caroline; Boilet, Laurent; Henrotte, François; Geuzaine, Christophe; Vertruyen, Bénédicte; Vanderbemden, Philippe

doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2020.07.046

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The flash sintering technique has undergone rapid development in the past 10 years and has drawn significant attention in the field of materials science. Some remarkable advances have been achieved in the understanding of flash sintering regarding ceramic materials, instruments, and the optimization of the F I G U R E 9 Typical phase-resolved partial discharge pattern plot [74].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of flash sintering with strong electric field

Zhou

Zhu

et al. 2021

High Voltage

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Flash sintering is a novel field‐assisted sintering technology for ceramics that allows a dramatic reduction in processing time and temperature. Since 2010, when flash sintering was first reported, it has been a focus of research interest in the field of materials science. Recent study results have confirmed that the sintering temperature decreases with the strength of the applied electric field; for some ceramics, the sintering temperature can be lowered even to room temperature. This represents an innovative breakthrough for ceramic sintering at ultra‐low temperatures. However, once the electric field strength in flash sintering is increased, new questions and challenges arise, such as whether or not partial discharge occurs in the green body if under electro‐thermal coupling stress, how to quantitatively analyse the impact of discharge on sintering, and, moreover, whether the sintering mechanism under a strong electric field is consistent with that under a weak electric field. These research questions require knowledge of partial discharge detection, dielectric theory, and other topics that are beyond the scope of materials science. To address this need, this review summarises the work carried out in flash sintering with a strong electric field from the perspective of high voltage and insulation technology. First, the flash sintering process and mechanism are briefly introduced. Then, the published literature on flash sintering with a strong electric field for various ceramic materials is summarised in depth. In addition, experimental phenomena that are observed in flash sintering with a strong electric field, such as flash and blackening, are discussed. Finally, some suggestions for future work are presented. It is anticipated that the knowledge gap between different areas of study can be filled by this review.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Fagnard et al. [74] analysed the partial discharge patterns of 3YSZ in flash sintering. In their experiment, for 50‐Hz electric fields ramped up to a strength of 3.2 kV/cm, obvious partial discharge signals could be detected.…”

Section: Experimental Phenomena Of Flash Sintering With Strong Electr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of flash sintering with strong electric field

Zhou

Zhu

et al. 2021

High Voltage

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“…Coarse voltage steps were used up to 800 V and finer steps of 20 V (corresponding to average electric field steps of 60 V cm −1 ) were used above 800 V. The RMS values of the voltage at 50 Hz and the current were measured at the primary winding of the HV transformer with HP 34 401 A multimeters and a Fluke i30s current probe. PDs were measured using an Insulation Condition Monitoring (ICM) system from Power Diagnostix [42] described in more details in [35]. PD patterns in the frequency range 40-800 kHz were recorded during an acquisition time set to 30 s. A low-level detection threshold of 10 pC was used to reject low-level noise signals.…”

Section: Pds Detection System and Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measurements of PDs are commonly used in electrical engineering to assess the degradation and aging of high-voltage insulators [25][26][27][28][29], but the method has not yet been broadly adopted for ceramic materials [30][31][32][33][34]. In the context of flash sintering, PD measurements were recently shown to be an efficient method to characterize the quality and number of the electrode/sample contact areas when no Pt paste was used to sinter Y-stabilised zirconia (YSZ) above 250 • C [35]. For (close to) room temperature flash sintering, relative humidity (RH) can be expected to be a highly relevant parameter, since it affects the electrical properties and breakdown characteristics of ceramics [36][37][38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of partial discharges measurements and video recordings to investigate the influence of relative humidity on zinc oxide subjected to high electric fields

Fagnard

Boilet

Erauw

et al. 2023

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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This study investigates the influence of humidity on the high voltage behaviour of zinc oxide porous pellets at room temperature, using the Phase Resolved Partial Discharge (PRPD) method. The experimental configuration corresponds to the one that would be used for flash sintering cylindrical ZnO pellets at low temperatures in possibly scalable conditions: planar Pt electrodes without Pt paste. The study explores the incubation period by increasing the 50 Hz AC electric field up to 8 kV/cm (applied by steps or with a continuous ramp) in an air atmosphere with varying relative humidity. Experiments were repeated on several samples and showed that the maximum amplitude of partial discharges decreased while their number increased as the relative humidity increased. With the support of video recording of the experiments, different characteristics in the PD pattern evolution with increasing AC voltage could be attributed to various locations between the electrodes, at the sample surface, or at the interface with the electrodes. By examining the PRPDs, it was possible to identify two distinct types of partial discharges having different thresholds of inception: one type corresponds to partial discharges occurring mostly at the triple junction “ZnO-platinum-air” or in the ZnO-electrodes gap and depends strongly on the relative humidity level and; the other type corresponds to electric arcs between the electrodes, with an inception threshold much less affected by the relative humidity level.

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“…Buscar configurações que não utilizem as pastas condutoras é uma das prioridades para a utilização da FS em escala industrial. Em um estudo recente, Fagnard et al (2020) utilizaram a técnica de padrões de descarga elétrica parcial ("Phase Resolved Partial Discharge Pattern" -PRPD) para avaliar o contato elétrico entre amostras cilíndricas (com e sem recobrimento de platina) e os eletrodos de platina. Nesse trabalho os autores demonstram que um contato elétrico 'pobre' pode causar localização de corrente e danos na microestrutura da 3YSZ (FAGNARD et al, 2020).…”

Section: Sinterização Convencionalunclassified

Instrumentação e automação de forno tubular adaptado à técnica >i<flash sintering>/i<: aprimoramento do processo de sinterização da zircônia

Campos¹

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Le Flash Sintering (FS) est une technique de frittage qui se distingue par la promotion d'une densification et une réduction substantielle de la température de l'environnement de frittage d'une large gamme de céramiques, ce qui entraîne une réduction de la consommation d'énergie du processus. Cette technique innovante consiste à appliquer un champ électrique à l'échantillon de céramique pendant le chauffage. À une température critique, généralement beaucoup plus basse que la température de frittage, le courant électrique qui passe à travers le spécimen augmente soudainement, le chauffant rapidement grâce à l'effet Joule. Lorsque cela se produit, l'échantillon se densifie en quelques secondes et commence à briller (FE). Malgré tous les avantages du FE, cette technique n'est toujours pas utilisée au niveau industriel. Certains problèmes de mise à l'échelle doivent être résolus pour que l'utilisation pratique de cette technique à grande échelle soit envisageable. Par ailleurs, il n'y a toujours pas de consensus sur les mécanismes dans les services financiers, ce qui rend encore plus difficile la résolution de ces problèmes. Dans cette optique, le présent travail avait pour objectif principal de mettre en évidence et de proposer des solutions aux problèmes posés par les FS appliqués à 3mol%. Zircone stabilisée à l'yttria (3YSZ). On a également cherché à trouver la meilleure combinaison de paramètres de FS pour réaliser le fritter le 3YSZ, visant à élucider les mécanismes possibles de cette technique. Pour ce faire, on a réalisé plusieurs expériences. Dans un premier temps, nous avons construit, instrumenté et automatisé un four FS. Ensuite, nous avons a effectué un FS dans plusieurs conditions, en cherchant la meilleure combinaison de paramètres pour fritter le 3YSZ.Pour comprendre les difficultés de la mise à l'échelle de la FS, on a étudié l'influence de l'échelle (taille de l'échantillon) sur la microstructure et la température de déclenchement du FE. Ensuite, on a réalisé une expérience mesurant la conductivité et la température pendant la FS par analyse in-situ de diffraction des rayons X. En bref, les résultats ont montré que l'équipement proposé est capable de fritter 3YSZ par FS jusqu'à 99,9 % de la densité théorique. Avec la FS, on a pu fritter les échantillons en quelques secondes aux températures beaucoup plus basses que celles du frittage classique. Dans certaines conditions de FS, on a observé un gradient microstructural. On a proposé une technique FS descendant, appelée Multi-step flash sintering (MSFS). Les résultats obtenus avec le MSFS ont montré potentiel de réduction du gradient microstructural. L'étude de l'influence de l'échelle (taille de l'échantillon) sur la température d'apparition du FE, on a conclu que les échantillons plus grands ont tendance à avoir une température de départ plus basse et de présenter une hétérogénéité microstructurelle. On a calculé l'énergie d'activation du mécanisme de conduction pendant le FE en utilisant la conductivité et la température d'échantillons 3YSZ. Les résu...

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Use of partial discharge patterns to assess the quality of sample/electrode contacts in flash sintering

Cited by 9 publications

References 52 publications

Review of flash sintering with strong electric field

Review of flash sintering with strong electric field

Use of partial discharges measurements and video recordings to investigate the influence of relative humidity on zinc oxide subjected to high electric fields

Instrumentação e automação de forno tubular adaptado à técnica >i<flash sintering>/i<: aprimoramento do processo de sinterização da zircônia

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