“…The 'gaming' behaviour reported by study participants, in which they selected raters perceived to be sympathetic 'doves', raises the potential that this could bias the process. One of the first MSF studies suggested that results were not affected by selection of raters by subjects compared with selection by their supervisors (Ramsey 1993). However, more recently, a study of MSF scores of doctors referred to the UK National Clinical Assessment Service (NCAS) found that scores were significantly lower when the MSF process was repeated with rater selection by the referring body, rather than by the subject themselves (Archer & McAvoy 2011).…”