Use of polyphosphate in corrosion control

Cantor, Abigail F.; Denig-Chakroff, David; Vela, Richard R.; Oleinik, Mark G.; Lynch, Daniel L.

doi:10.1002/j.1551-8833.2000.tb08820.x

Cited by 43 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Orthophosphates, polyphosphates compounds, etc were used to form protective barrier to provide corrosion protection through cathodic action. [6][7][8] However, the phosphate programs did not provide the passive oxide film induced by chromate. Godlewski discovered inorganic orthophosphate together with acrylic acid (AA)-hydroxy lower alkyl acrylate to establish the elusive passive oxide film on metallic surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Fluorescent‐tagged no phosphate and nitrogen free calcium phosphate scale inhibitor for cooling water systems

Zhou

Wang

et al. 2009

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Allyloxy polyethoxy ether (APEO) and chloracetic acid were used to prepare allyloxy polyethoxy carboxylate (APEC). 8‐hydroxy‐1,3,6‐pyrenetrisulfonic acid trisodium salt was reacted with allyl chloride to produce fluorescent monomer 8‐allyloxy‐1,3,6‐pyrene trisulfonic acid trisodium salt (AP). APEC and AP were copolymerized with maleic anhydride (MA) to synthesize AP tagged no phosphate and nitrogen free calcium phosphate inhibitor MA‐APEC‐AP. Structures of AP, APEO, APEC, and MA‐APEC‐AP were carried out by FTIR and 1H‐NMR. Different MA : APEC mole ratios were employed for the manufacture of MA‐APEC‐AP to study the effect of mole ratio on performance of MA‐APEC‐AP. Relationship between MA‐APEC‐AP's fluorescent intensity and its dosage was studied. MA‐APEC‐AP's calcium phosphate inhibition was compared with the down to date calcium phosphate inhibitor (MA)‐ammonium allylpolyethoxy sulphate (APES). The results indicate that capability of MA‐APEC‐AP is heavily depended on the mole ratio of MA : APEC. Correlation coefficient r of MA‐APEC‐AP's fluorescent intensity and its dosage is 0.9983, and detection limit of MA‐APEC‐AP is 2.03 mg L−1. MA‐APEC‐AP can be used to accurately measure polymer consumption on line besides providing excellent calcium phosphate inhibition. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Fluorescent‐tagged no phosphate and nitrogen free calcium phosphate scale inhibitor for cooling water systems

Zhou

Wang

et al. 2009

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Orthophosphate can decrease copper and lead levels (Holm and Schock 1991;Dodrill and Edwards 1995;Schock et al 1996;Cantor et al 2000), but in some cases, the phosphate inhibitor can be consumed by prolonged contact with unlined iron pipe (McNeill and Edwards 2002;. Polyphosphate inhibitors, which tend to increase lead and copper solubility, can hydrolyze and revert to orthophosphate with higher water age (Goldberg 1995;Edwards et al 2001;U.S.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The same materials were examined in triplicate using large pipe loops at five utilities, comparing metal release in water treatment plant effluent to the same Holm and Edwards (2003) Possible increase in lead release due to reduced concentration of orthophosphate inhibitor. Holm and Schock (1991); Dodrill and Edwards (1995); Schock et al (1996); Cantor et al (2000) Possible decrease in copper corrosion due to formation of insoluble phosphate scale. Holm and Schock (1991); Dodrill and Edwards (1995); Schock et al (1996); Cantor et al (2000) Dissolved oxygen Microbial activity and interactions with pipe materials decrease DO.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Holm and Schock (1991); Dodrill and Edwards (1995); Schock et al (1996); Cantor et al (2000) Possible decrease in copper corrosion due to formation of insoluble phosphate scale. Holm and Schock (1991); Dodrill and Edwards (1995); Schock et al (1996); Cantor et al (2000) Dissolved oxygen Microbial activity and interactions with pipe materials decrease DO. Sarin et al (2004); Lead corrosion may decrease at lower DO.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Distribution system water age can create premise plumbing corrosion hotspots

Masters

Parks

Atassi

et al. 2015

Environ Monit Assess

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cumulative changes in chemical and biological properties associated with higher "water age" in distribution systems may impact water corrosivity and regulatory compliance with lead and copper action levels. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of water age and chemistry on corrosivity of various downstream premise plumbing pipe materials and configurations using a combination of controlled laboratory studies and a field survey. Examination of lead pipe, copper pipe with lead solder, and leaded brass materials in a replicated lab rig simulating premise plumbing stagnation events indicated that lead or copper release could increase as much as ∼440 % or decrease as much as 98 % relative to water treatment plant effluent. In field studies at five utilities, trends in lead and copper release were highly dependent on circumstance; for example, lead release increased with water age in 13 % of cases and decreased with water age in 33 % of conditions tested. Levels of copper in the distribution system were up to 50 % lower and as much as 30 % higher relative to levels at the treatment plant. In many cases, high-risks of elevated lead and copper did not co-occur, demonstrating that these contaminants will have to be sampled separately to identify "worst case" conditions for human exposure and monitoring.

show abstract

“…One study reported that although one of the water systems involved had always been in compliance with the LCR, newly built or remodelled houses in the service area had very high concentrations of copper, often exceeding the action level (Cantor et al 2000). LCR testing focuses on older, 'high risk' buildings, including those built within five years of the 1986 Amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Nadja F. Turek Woolpert, 4454 Idea Center Boulevard, Dayton, OH 45430-1500, USA Act (United States Congress 1986;Federal Register 1991a, b, 1992, and houses with lead service lines or lead interior plumbing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Impact of plumbing age on copper levels in drinking water

Turek¹,

Kasten

Lytle

et al. 2011

Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Theory and practical experiences suggest that higher copper levels in drinking water tap samples are typically associated with newer plumbing systems, and levels decrease with increasing plumbing age. Past researchers have developed a conceptual model to explain the 'aging effect' founded in the proposed evolution of copper(II) corrosion by-products on the pipe surface, based on theoretical considerations, anecdotal evidence and some data. In this study, the impact of plumbing age on copper levels in tap water samples and the internal surface corrosion of copper plumbing were systematically evaluated in 16 buildings with plumbing ages ranging from less than one to 44 years, using solids analysis approaches including XPS and XRD. Copper levels decreased with plumbing age and supported theory. A mix of stable and relatively unstable scales appeared on pipes, including cupric hydroxide, cuprite and malachite, although no obvious trend in scale composition with age was noted.

show abstract

Use of polyphosphate in corrosion control

Cited by 43 publications

References 13 publications

Fluorescent‐tagged no phosphate and nitrogen free calcium phosphate scale inhibitor for cooling water systems

Fluorescent‐tagged no phosphate and nitrogen free calcium phosphate scale inhibitor for cooling water systems

Distribution system water age can create premise plumbing corrosion hotspots

Impact of plumbing age on copper levels in drinking water

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About