Use of polypyrrole in catalysts for low temperature fuel cells

Yuan, Xing; Ding, Xin; Wang, Chao Yang; Ma, Zi-Feng

doi:10.1039/c3ee23520c

Cited by 157 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 145 publications

(159 reference statements)

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“…From these results, we verified how synthesis parameters such as oxidation potentials had an influence on the electrochemical properties of the PPP-PPY films. Polypyrrole (PPY) films have been most often related to interesting properties such as high conductivity and stability in air [13][14][15] when prepared in both aqueous and nonaqueous media, and at relatively low oxidation potentials 16,17 . Here, we verified that the electropolymerization of biphenyl and pyrrole allows one to decrease the oxidation potential necessary to obtain PPP-PPY films in acetonitrile.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrosynthesis and optical characterization of poly(p-phenylene), polypyrrole and poly(p-phenylene)-polypyrrole films

et al. 2014

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Poly(p-phenylene) (PPP), polypyrrole (PPY), and poly(p-phenylene-pyrrole) (PPP-PPY) films were electrochemically synthesized in acetronitrile by cyclic voltammetry. For comparison purposes, the films were characterized by cyclic voltammetry in a monomer-free solution, and their optical responses were also obtained in the UV-VIS range of energy after varying the applied potentials. The absorbance spectra of the PPP-PPY film exhibited bands typically seen in the spectra of the homopolymers, PPP and PPY films, but better defined, intense, and related to reversible color transitions. Although it was not possible to confirm by using infrared and Raman spectroscopy that a copolymer was in fact obtained, the presence of both monomers, pyrrole and biphenyl, in the polymerization medium turned easier the process of film formation, yielding darker, more uniform, and rougher films as it was verified by photographic images and AFM (atomic force microscopy) images.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrosynthesis and optical characterization of poly(p-phenylene), polypyrrole and poly(p-phenylene)-polypyrrole films

et al. 2014

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“…These metals are, however, very expensive (average price is 40 E/g against 2 E/g for Ru for example [from http://www.platinum.matthey.com/prices/price-charts/]), are available in low amounts on earth (37 ppb in the Earth's crust), and are nonbiodegradable. Extensive research has aimed at decreasing the Pt content (for a review see [5] ), such as: 1) nanostructuration of the catalysts, [6,7] 2) use of alloys or heterostructures, [8][9] 3) nanostructuration and treatment of the carbon support, [10][11][12][13] 4) use of noncarbon matrixes such as conducting polymers, [14] and 5) use of semiconductive transitionmetals. [15] Furthermore, platinum catalysts are readily poisoned by very low levels of CO and S (0.1 % of CO is sufficient to decrease one hundred fold the catalytic activity of Pt in ten minutes), thus requiring extensive H 2 purification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biohydrogen for a New Generation of H₂/O₂ Biofuel Cells: A Sustainable Energy Perspective

et al. 2014

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Among sustainable alternatives to fossil fuel, proton exchange membrane fuel cells are promising devices that deliver electricity from hydrogen and oxygen, producing only water. The transformation of the fuel and oxidant however relies on rare‐metal catalysts. H2/O2 enzymatic biofuel cells thus emerge as sustainable biotechnological devices in which chemical catalysts are replaced by hydrogenases at the anode and multicopper oxidases at the cathode. This review discusses the recent breakthroughs and the limitations in all the components of H2/O2 biofuel cells: 1) Catalytic mechanisms involved in multicopper oxidases and hydrogenases, in addition to the new potential of enzymes from the biodiversity pool, which exhibit outstanding properties. 2) The molecular basis for oriented enzyme immobilization on the electrochemical interfaces as a prerequisite for a fast direct electron‐transfer rate. 3) The requirement for 3D networks to enhance current densities. 4) The production of H2 from biomass. 5) The history of H2/O2 biofuel cells and recent devices, which also highlights the remaining issues that will allow the use of such devices in low‐power applications.

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“…electrode material, in electrochemical energy storage [9], as a catalyst support in fuel cells [10], in supercapacitors [11] and in solar cells [12].…”

Section: -2506mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Process Parameters on the Synthesis of Polypyrrole by the Taguchi Method

Utami¹,

Puspasari²,

Loh³

et al. 2016

MJAS

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Polypyrrole is a conductive polymer that is widely used in electrochemical applications. To identify the effects of different parameters on the synthesis of polypyrrole, an experimental design based on an orthogonal array L 9 (3 4 ) proposed by Taguchi was applied. The parameters investigated were the oxidant type, molar ratio of oxidant: pyrrole, reaction time and dopant concentration, whereas the response variables observed were the yield, particle size and conductivity. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) characterization was used to study the morphology characteristics of the polypyrrole particles. Based on the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio and the results of analysis of variance (ANOVA), the molar ratio of oxidant: pyrrole and the oxidant type significantly affected the yield and conductivity of the synthesized polypyrrole particles.Keywords: design of experiment, conductive polymer, yield, particle size, conductivity Abstrak Polipirola merupakan polimer konduktif yang digunakan secara meluas dalam aplikasi elektrokimia. Bagi tujuan mengenal pasti kesan-kesan parameter yang berbeza pada sintesis polipirola, reka bentuk eksperimen berdasarkan ortogon L 9 (3 4 ) yang dicadangkan oleh Taguchi telah digunakan. Parameter yang dikaji ialah jenis oksidan, nisbah molar oksidan: pirola, masa tindak balas dan kepekatan pendopan, manakala pemboleh ubah sambutan yang diperhatikan adalah jumlah hasil, saiz zarah dan kekonduksian. Pencirian FESEM telah digunakan untuk mengkaji morfologi zarah polipirola. Berdasarkan nisbah isyarat-hingar (S/N) dan hasil analisis varians (ANOVA), nisbah molar oksidan: pirola dan jenis oksidan memberi kesan yang ketara kepada hasil dan kekonduksian dari sintesis polipirola.Kata kunci: reka bentuk eksperimen, polimer konduktif, jumlah hasil, saiz zarah, kekonduksian IntroductionConducting polymers, such as polyaniline (PAni), polypyrrole (PPy), and polythiophene (PTh), have found many industrial applications due to their unique characteristics, such as the dual function of ionic and electronic conductivity, large surface area and good mechanical properties [1][2][3][4]. Among the conductive polymers, PPy has attracted much attention because of its high conductivity [5], good environmental stability [6], electrocatalytic activity [7] and ease of synthesis [8]. Therefore, it has been widely used in electrochemical applications (e.g., as an

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Use of polypyrrole in catalysts for low temperature fuel cells

Cited by 157 publications

References 145 publications

Electrosynthesis and optical characterization of poly(p-phenylene), polypyrrole and poly(p-phenylene)-polypyrrole films

Electrosynthesis and optical characterization of poly(p-phenylene), polypyrrole and poly(p-phenylene)-polypyrrole films

Biohydrogen for a New Generation of H₂/O₂ Biofuel Cells: A Sustainable Energy Perspective

Effect of Process Parameters on the Synthesis of Polypyrrole by the Taguchi Method

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Use of polypyrrole in catalysts for low temperature fuel cells

Cited by 157 publications

References 145 publications

Electrosynthesis and optical characterization of poly(p-phenylene), polypyrrole and poly(p-phenylene)-polypyrrole films

Electrosynthesis and optical characterization of poly(p-phenylene), polypyrrole and poly(p-phenylene)-polypyrrole films

Biohydrogen for a New Generation of H2/O2 Biofuel Cells: A Sustainable Energy Perspective

Effect of Process Parameters on the Synthesis of Polypyrrole by the Taguchi Method

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Biohydrogen for a New Generation of H₂/O₂ Biofuel Cells: A Sustainable Energy Perspective