Use of psychotherapy research by professional psychologists.

Cohen, Lawrence H.; Sargent, Meredith M.; Sechrest, Lee

doi:10.1037/0003-066x.41.2.198

Cited by 160 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In that respect, this work differs from studies of manualized interventions that have focused on more traditional psychotherapy practices with doctoral-level clinicians (Cohen, Sargent, & Sechrest, 1986;Morrow-Bradley & Elliott, 1986). The majority of providers in the mental health workforce in community settings across the United States do not have doctorallevel educations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Organizational culture and climate and mental health provider attitudes toward evidence-based practice.

Aarons

Sawitzky

2006

Psychological Services

397

336

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Mental health provider attitudes toward adopting evidence-based practice (EBP) are associated with organizational context and provider individual differences. Organizational culture and climate are contextual factors that can affect staff acceptance of innovation. This study examined the association of organizational culture and climate with attitudes toward adopting EBP. Participants were 301 public sector mental health service providers from 49 programs providing mental health services for youths and families. Correlation analyses and multilevel hierarchical regressions, controlling for effects of provider characteristics, showed that constructive culture was associated with more positive attitudes toward adoption of EBP and poor organizational climates with perceived divergence of usual practice and EBP. Behavioral health organizations may benefit from consideration of how culture and climate affect staff attitudes toward change in practice.Keywords organizational culture; climate; evidence-based practice; attitudes; implementation There is growing momentum to move evidence-based mental health interventions into realworld practice settings (Burns, 2003;Essock et al., 2003;Glisson, 2002;Goldman et al., 2001;Ringeisen & Hoagwood, 2002). Although there is a considerable literature on organizational factors associated with implementation of innovation in business settings (Frambach & Schillewaert, 2002;Klein, & Sorra, 1996) little research has examined organizational factors that may facilitate or hinder the implementation of evidence-based practice (EBP) in mental health settings. Research focusing specifically on the implementation of EBP in mental health settings can inform policymakers, administrators, providers, and researchers about factors that facilitate or hinder the implementation process. A better understanding of such factors can lead to the development of optimal implementation strategies tailored to specific organizational and service contexts.The study of attitudes toward EBP is in its infancy. The recently developed Evidence-Based Practice Attitude Scale (EBPAS; Aarons, 2004) The context into which EBPs are implemented is often complex and recently proposed models identify organizational factors that may facilitate or hinder the implementation of EBP and innovation in mental health settings (Aarons, 2005; Burns & Hoagwood, 2005). Studies have also identified a number of constructs thought to be important in effective implementation of innovation in organizations (Damanpour, 1991;Frambach & Schillewaert, 2002;Glisson, 2002) In particular, organizational culture and climate are two factors thought to influence attitudes toward adoption of innovation in general, and EBP in particular (Aarons, 2005). Management may decide to adopt an innovation but individual acceptance of an innovation is proposed to rely on both organizational and individual factors (Moore, 2002;Rogers, 1995) and to affect the degree to which EBPs are implemented with fidelity and competence. The present study focuses on th...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Organizational culture and climate and mental health provider attitudes toward evidence-based practice.

Aarons

Sawitzky

2006

Psychological Services

397

336

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In that respect, this work differs from studies of manualized interventions focusing on more traditional psychotherapy practices with doctoral-level clinicians (60,61). In the public behavioral health care system, a majority of providers in the workforce in community settings across the United States do not have doctoral-level educations, and these essential providers will likely be agents of widespread delivery of evidence-based interventions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Transformational and Transactional Leadership: Association With Attitudes Toward Evidence-Based Practice

Aarons¹

2006

Psychiatric Services

262

253

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Objective-Leadership in organizations is important in shaping workers' perceptions, responses to organizational change, and acceptance of innovations, such as evidence-based practices. Transformational leadership inspires and motivates followers, whereas transactional leadership is based more on reinforcement and exchanges. Studies have shown that in youth and family service organizations, mental health providers' attitudes toward adopting an evidence-based practice are associated with organizational context and individual provider differences. The purpose of this study was to expand these findings by examining the association between leadership and mental health providers' attitudes toward adopting evidence-based practice.Methods-Participants were 303 public-sector mental health service clinicians and case managers from 49 programs who were providing mental health services to children, adolescents, and their families. Data were gathered on providers' characteristics, attitudes toward evidence-based practices, and perceptions of their supervisors' leadership behaviors. Zero-order correlations and multilevel regression analyses were conducted that controlled for effects of service providers' characteristics.Results-Both transformational and transactional leadership were positively associated with providers' having more positive attitudes toward adoption of evidence-based practice, and transformational leadership was negatively associated with providers' perception of difference between the providers' current practice and evidence-based practice.Conclusions-Mental health service organizations may benefit from improving transformational and transactional supervisory leadership skills in preparation for implementing evidence-based practices.There is growing momentum and pressure to move evidence-based mental health interventions into real-world practice settings (1-5). Most of these practice settings involve a relationship between a clinical or case management supervisor and practitioners who provide services. Often in community settings the clinical supervisor also supervises work activities, including conducting performance appraisals and other human resource functions. Leadership is important in these activities. Recent work has also demonstrated that mental health service providers' attitudes toward adopting evidence-based practice are associated with organizational context (for example, structure and policies) and individual provider differences (for example, education and experience) (6,7). Yet, although leadership is held to influence the adoption of innovations, such as evidence-based practices (8), there has been little research on the association between leadership of the mental health supervisor and staff attitudes toward adopting evidence-based practice. However, some more general leadership studies have been conducted.Leadership research is pervasive in the organizational literature, and studies in mental health services suggest that leadership is important for both for the organizational proces...

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“…There is limited information on what influences clinicians to persist in practicing particular therapies, whatever their evidence base, or to adopt new therapies (1). Thus far, evidence from surveys assessing psychotherapists’ perceived influences on practice suggests the importance of several factors: supervision, discussions with colleagues, one’s own personal therapy and work with clients (2-9); information gathered from books, academic learning, or professional training (4,6,8); compatibility with therapists’ repertoire of practices (3,10-11); Internet or database searches (5,7); and time and resources for mastering treatments (9). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Apples Don't Fall Far From the Tree: Influences on Psychotherapists' Adoption and Sustained Use of New Therapies

Cook

Schnurr

Biyanova

et al. 2009

Psychiatric Services

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Objective The purpose of this investigation was to identify influences on the current clinical practices of a broad range of mental health providers as well as influences on their adoption and sustained use of new practices. Methods U.S. and Canadian psychotherapists (N=2,607) completed a Web-based survey in which they rated factors that influence their clinical practice, including their adoption and sustained use of new treatments. Results Empirical evidence had little influence on the practice of mental health providers. Significant mentors, books, training in graduate school, and informal discussions with colleagues were the most highly endorsed influences on current practice. The greatest influences on psychotherapists’ willingness to learn a new treatment were its potential for integration with the therapy they were already providing and its endorsement by therapists they respected. Clinicians were more often willing to continue to use a new treatment when they were able to effectively and enjoyably conduct the therapy and when their clients liked the therapy and reported improvement. Conclusions Implications for dissemination and sustained use of new psychotherapies by community psychotherapists are discussed. For example, evidence-based treatments may best be promoted through therapy courses and workshops, beginning with graduate studies; to ensure future use of new therapies, developers of training workshops should emphasize ways to integrate their approaches into clinicians’ existing practices.

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Use of psychotherapy research by professional psychologists.

Cited by 160 publications

References 19 publications

Organizational culture and climate and mental health provider attitudes toward evidence-based practice.

Organizational culture and climate and mental health provider attitudes toward evidence-based practice.

Transformational and Transactional Leadership: Association With Attitudes Toward Evidence-Based Practice

Apples Don't Fall Far From the Tree: Influences on Psychotherapists' Adoption and Sustained Use of New Therapies

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