Use of Rat Mature Adipocyte-Derived Dedifferentiated Fat Cells as a Cell Source for Periodontal Tissue Regeneration

Abstract

Lipid-free fibroblast-like cells, known as dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells, can be generated from mature adipocytes with a large single lipid droplet. DFAT cells can re-establish their active proliferation ability and can transdifferentiate into various cell types under appropriate culture conditions. The first objective of this study was to compare the multilineage differentiation potential of DFAT cells with that of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) on mesenchymal stem cells. We obtained DFAT cells and ASCs from inbred rats and found that rat DFAT cells possess higher osteogenic differentiation potential than rat ASCs. On the other hand, DFAT cells show similar adipogenic differentiation, and chondrogenic differentiation potential in comparison with ASCs. The second objective of this study was to assess the regenerative potential of DFAT cells combined with novel solid scaffolds composed of PLGA (Poly d, l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) on periodontal tissue, and to compare this with the regenerative potential of ASCs combined with PLGA scaffolds. Cultured DFAT cells and ASCs were seeded onto PLGA scaffolds (DFAT/PLGA and ASCs/PLGA) and transplanted into periodontal fenestration defects in rat mandible. Micro computed tomography analysis revealed a significantly higher amount of bone regeneration in the DFAT/PLGA group compared with that of ASCs/PLGA and PLGA-alone groups at 2, 3, and 5 weeks after transplantation. Similarly, histomorphometric analysis showed that DFAT/PLGA groups had significantly greater width of cementum, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone than ASCs/PLGA and PLGA-alone groups. In addition, transplanted fluorescent-labeled DFAT cells were observed in the periodontal ligament beside the newly formed bone and cementum. These findings suggest that DFAT cells have a greater potential for enhancing periodontal tissue regeneration than ASCs. Therefore, DFAT cells are a promising cell source for periodontium regeneration.

Dedifferentiated Fat (DFAT) cells: A cell source for oral and maxillofacial tissue engineering

“…transplanted DFAT cells and ASCs isolated from rat with Poly d, l‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid (PLGA) as a scaffold into a periodontal fenestration defect model in the rat mandible. The DFAT cells+PLGA group had significantly greater widths of cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone than the ASCs+PLGA or PLGA alone groups (Akita et al., ). Kikuta and colleagues seeded DFAT cells in β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP)/collagen I sponges and cultured in OIM for 2 weeks to form tissue‐engineered bone (TEB).…”

Effect of Hydrogen Dioxide Treatment on the Osteogenic Potential of Duck-beak Bone-derived Natural Bioceramic Microparticles

“…For the present study, we used hAD-MSCs to verify cell attachment and proliferation capacity on the duck-beak bone particle, because AD-MSCs are well-established candidates for tissue engineering studies. AD-MSCs have several advantages over bone marrowderived MSCs, such as large quantities of available stromal cells than bone marrow, easier and less invasive system for obtaining adipose tissue and similar characteristics to bone marrow-derived MSCs (11). Cell attachment was confirmed with direct visualization of stained hAD-MSCs, which grew on the duck-beak bone particle both in control and osteogenic media.…”

“…The cells were loaded with each media at 1×10 4 cells/well rate. Media was changed every three days (2,11).…”

Progress in cell culture systems for pathological research

“…Moreover, clonally‐expanded porcine DFAT cells showed the ability to differentiate into multiple mesenchymal cell lineages. At present, DFAT is being promoted with regard to its practical use, with research groups working on such possibilities as nerve, bone, and periodontal regeneration …”

“…At present, DFAT is being promoted with regard to its practical use, with research groups working on such possibilities as nerve, bone, and periodontal regeneration. [5][6][7]…”