Use of Rock Powder Associated With Bovine Manure in Latossolo Vermelho Cultivated With Wheat

Abstract

The use of rock powders as a source of nutrients aim costs reduction and environmental problems associated with soluble sources. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the use potential of different rock powder doses, associated or not with bovine manure, after two applications in approximately one year, as a source of nutrients for wheat and its effect on soil chemical attributes. The sources were applied, without incorporation, in two successive crops, at the rates of 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 Mg ha -1 of rock powder, isolated or associated to 17 Mg ha -1 and 28 Mg ha -1 of bovine manure, on first and second applications, respectively. The experiment was carried out in completely randomized blocks, in a 2×5 (bovine manure × rock powder doses) factorial arrangement with three replicates. The use of bovine manure resulted in increments in the following variables: plant height, number of spikelets per spike, number of grain per spike, grain yield, mass of one thousand grains and soil phosphorus and calcium (Ca 2+ ) contents. The association of rock powder, at dose of 3 Mg ha -1 , and bovine manure promoted reduction of soil potential acidity (1.54 cmol c dm -3 ) and increase soil Mg 2+ content (0.9 cmol c dm -3 ). The application of rock powder doses does not improve wheat yield and soil chemical attributes after two applications in approximately one year. In contrast, the application of bovine manure, independently of the rock powder dose, results in improvements in these variables.

Produtividade e nutrição do milho após diferentes formas de aplicação de pó de rocha e esterco

“…According to Köppen classification, the climate of the region is fundamental type C, subtype fa (Cfa), characterized as humid subtropical, without dry season, with the temperature of the hottest month exceeding 22 ºC, average annual temperature of 18,2 ºC and average annual precipitation of 1,869 mm (Matzenauer et al, 2011). Soil characterization at the establishment of the experiment is presented on Table 1 (Gotz et al, 2019). The experiment was composed by eight treatments, distributed in a randomized block design and in factorial design 4 (A) x 2 (B), with four replicates.…”

“…It is possible to observe on Table 2 that the treatments with application of egg-laying hen manure isolated or associated with rock powder resulted in higher foliar P content and higher P extraction in maize; that is, the use of rock powder alone did not result in an increase in these variables. This result is due to the low P content present in rock powder, and slow solubilization of the rock powder, according highlighted by Gotz et al (2019); requiring more time to dissolve minerals and release nutrients to crops. It stands out that the P content was 0.10% in their study, and 0.2% of P2O5 in our study.…”

“…According to Theodoro et al (2012) and Alovisi et al (2020), the rock powder application can be easily adopted by family farmers, due to its simplicity, low cost of use and positive results in terms of grain yield. However, the main limitation is the slow solubilization and release of nutrients to the plants, with a source being less responsive when compared to short-term soluble mineral sources (Ferreira, Almeida, Mafra & 2009;Hanish et al, 2013;Gotz et al, 2019;Gotz, Piovesan & Castamann, 2020;Alovisi et al, 2020).…”

“…Therefore, the characteristic of slow solubilization of the nutrients present in the rock powder makes it necessary for this process a more intense edaphic biological activity. In this context, studies have sought to associate rock powder with organic fertilization, to accelerate the dissolution of minerals present in the constitution of rock powder (Ferreira, Almeida & Mafra, 2019;Gotz et al, 2019;Gotz, Piovesan & Castamann, 2020); and thus reduce the socioeconomic and environmental problems triggered by the indiscriminate use of soluble mineral fertilizers. In addition, another aspect that should be considered is the application form of sources of nutrients, because the adoption of the no-tillage system brought important changes in the management of organic fertilization.…”

“…These, which were previously applied on the surface and immediately incorporated into the soil, are now applied on soil surface without incorporation (Scherer & Nesi, 2009), what can result and differences in behavior when associated with rock powder. Gotz et al (2019) highlighted that the product incorporation in soil may increase the solubility and therefore the nutrients availability to the plants, and that complementary studies are necessary to elucidate such hypothesis.…”