Use of rosemary extracts as a food additive - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food

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doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2008.721

Cited by 42 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…A range of margins of safety (MOS) values was calculated by the Panel by dividing the lowest value of the range of NOAELs of 20-60 mg carnosol plus carnosic acid/kg bw per day identified by the AFC Panel (EFSA AFC Panel, 2008) by the highest p95 exposure level in each population and the highest value of the range of NOAELs by the lowest p95 exposure level. Using this approach the range of MOS was 100-2,000 and 200-3,000 for children and adults, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extracts of rosemary (E 392) was evaluated in 2008 for its safety, by the EFSA Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC) Panel (EFSA AFC Panel, 2008), for its use as a food additive. Following this EFSA evaluation, extracts of rosemary (E 392) was authorised for use as a food additive in the European Union (EU) in several food categories with maximum levels, in accordance with Annexes II and III to Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 on food additives.…”

Section: Information On Existing Authorisations and Evaluationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Refined exposure assessment of extracts of rosemary (E 392) from its use as food additive

Younes¹,

Aggett²,

Aguilar³

et al. 2018

EFS2

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The EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS) provides a scientific opinion on the refined exposure assessment of extracts of rosemary (E 392) when used as a food additive. Extracts of rosemary (E 392) was evaluated by the AFC Panel in 2008. Following this EFSA evaluation, extracts of rosemary (E 392) was authorised for use as a food additive in the EU in several food categories with maximum levels. In 2015, the ANS Panel provided a scientific opinion on the safety of the proposed extensions of use for extracts of rosemary (E 392) in fat-based spreads. In 2016, the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) has evaluated this food additive and established a temporary acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 0-0.3 mg/kg body weight (bw) for rosemary extract, expressed as carnosic acid plus carnosol. Based on the data provided by food industry, the Panel was able to refine the exposure estimates of extracts of rosemary (E 392). The highest mean refined exposure estimate (non-brand loyal scenario) was 0.09 mg/kg bw per day in children (3-9 years) and the highest 95th percentile of exposure was 0.20 mg/kg bw per day in children. Taking uncertainties into account, the Panel concluded that these exposure estimates very likely overestimate the real exposure to extracts of rosemary (E 392) from its use as a food additive according to Annex II. Margins of safety were estimated for children and adults using the refined exposure estimate; these are higher than the ones calculated in 2015. Intake of carnosic acid and carnosol from natural diet (herbs) was estimated. It was maximally 1.66 mg/kg bw per day (p95).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Information On Existing Authorisations and Evaluationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refined exposure assessment of extracts of rosemary (E 392) from its use as food additive

Younes¹,

Aggett²,

Aguilar³

et al. 2018

EFS2

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show abstract

“…However, deleterious effects to humans linked to them have stimulated the search for viable and safe alternatives (56,(72)(73)(74). Rosemary extracts are commercially available for use as a natural antioxidant for foods in Europe and the USA and has received GRAS (generally recognized as safe) status, being considered safe and effective (7,75,76). Results here reported (Table IX) showed that LE (IC 50 0 10.7 μg/mL) and SDP (IC 50 0 9.2 μg/mL-LE basis) both have superior antioxidant activity compared with BHT (12.5 μg/mL).…”

Section: Antioxidant Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Spray-Dried Proliposomes: an Innovative Method for Encapsulation of Rosmarinus officinalis L. Polyphenols

et al. 2020

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This work aims to improve the functionality of Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) polyphenols by encapsulation in an optimized proliposome formulation. A 2 3 Box-Wilson central composite design (CCD) was employed to determine lone and interaction effects of composition variables on moisture content (X p); water activity (A w); concentration and retention of rosemary polyphenols-rosmarinic acid (ROA), carnosol (CAR), and carnosic acid (CNA); and recovery of spray-dried proliposomes (SDP). Processing conditions which generate proliposomes with optimum physicochemical properties were determined by multi-response analysis (desirability approach). Antioxidant and antifungal activities were evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH •) sequestering and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)/minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) assays, respectively. SDP exhibited high polyphenol retention, ranging from 62.0 to 100.0% w/w, showing dependence on composition variables and polyphenol lipophilicity. SDP recovery ranged from 20.1 to 45.8%, with X p and A w of 1.7 ± 0.14-2.5 ± 0.23% w/w and 0.30 ± 0.004-0.47 ± 0.003, respectively, evidencing product with good chemical and microbiological stability. Optimum liposomal composition was determined, namely, lipid concentration (4.26% w/w), lyophilized extract (LE) concentration (4.48% w/w), and drying aid:(lipid+extract) ratio (7.55% w/w) on wet basis. Relative errors between experimental and predicted values for SDP properties showed concurrence for all responses except CAR retention, being 22% lower. SDP showed high antioxidant activity with IC 50 of 9.2 ± 0.2 μg/ mL, superior to results obtained for LE (10.8 μg/mL) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), a synthetic antioxidant (12.5 μg/mL). MIC and MFC against Candida albicans (ATCC1023) were 312.5 μg/mL and 1250 μg/mL, respectively, a moderate antimicrobial activity for phytochemical-based products. SDP is shown as a veritable tool to encapsulate hydrophilic and lipophilic rosemary polyphenols generating a product with optimal physicochemical and biological properties.

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“…A re-evaluation of food additives that were authorized on the market before 20 January 2009 is currently being performed by the EFSA (European Commission, 2010). Member States must regularly evaluate the exposure of their population to food additives, as required by article 27 of the regulation 1333/2008(European Commission, 2008b. A step-wise or Tiered approach has been established by the European Commission to assess consumer exposure (European Commission, 2001;Kroes et al, 2002;Leclercq, Arcella, & Turrini, 2000;Leclercq, Molinaro, et al,2000): Tier 1 ¼ theoretical food consumption data combined with MPLs of additives (Maximum Permitted Levels, corresponding to the maximum concentrations permitted in food by regulations); Tier 2 ¼ actual national food consumption data combined with MPLs of additives; Tier 3 ¼ actual national food consumption data combined with the actual levels of additives in foodstuffs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary exposure of the Belgian adult population to 70 food additives with numerical ADI

et al. 2015

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Use of rosemary extracts as a food additive - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food

Cited by 42 publications

References 32 publications

Refined exposure assessment of extracts of rosemary (E 392) from its use as food additive

Refined exposure assessment of extracts of rosemary (E 392) from its use as food additive

Spray-Dried Proliposomes: an Innovative Method for Encapsulation of Rosmarinus officinalis L. Polyphenols

Dietary exposure of the Belgian adult population to 70 food additives with numerical ADI

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