Use of stereoscopic X-ray pairs for measurements of airway length and diameter<i>in situ</i>

Jm, Hughes; Fg, Hoppin; Ag, Wilson

doi:10.1259/0007-1285-45-535-477

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Pump (1964) found that the terminal bronchiole varied in diameter between 0 325 and 0 875 mm and that the respiratory bronchiole varied from 0 131 to 0 875 mm. These diameters vary with the degree of inflation of the lung (Hughes, Hoppin, and Wilson, 1972). An attempt was made to overcome the latter problem by maximally inflating the lung and taking radiographs when it was in a steady state.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By using long focus film distances of between 100 and 200 cm the possible magnification error, due to the unknown position of the bronchi within the lung, was reduced to a maximum of 15%. It was therefore decided not to use the very accurate, but cumbersome tube shift method derived by Hughes et al (1972). The percentage error in the measurements, using a focal spot with an effective diameter of 1-6 mm and the focus film distances FIG.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Postmortem assessment of chronic airways obstruction by tantalum bronchography.

Scott¹,

Steiner²

1975

Thorax

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Thorax, 30,[405][406][407][408][409][410][411][412][413][414]. Postmortem assessment of chronic airways obstruction by tantalum bronchography. Tantalum bronchography was performed on 22 left lungs obtained at necropsy. Seven were from patients dying in cor pulmonale as a result of chronic airways obstruction and 15 were from unselected necropsies. Of the latter group, nine had no evidence of respiratory disease and six had pathological changes of emphysema and bronchial mucous gland enlargement when the lungs were examined following formalin fixation.A range of changes in the bronchographic appearances from the normal to the grossly abnormal is illustrated. The main changes in severely diseased lungs were: irregularity of the bronchial walls, failure of the walls to taper towards the periphery, areas of narrowing and dilatation, and 'pooling' of tantalum at the ends of airways.A count was made of the numbers of small airway branches in the most distal 4 cm of the lung and also of the number of airways of less than 1 mm in diameter. Patients dying in cor pulmonale had a significantly reduced total number of patent small airways in the area measured and also fewer patent airways of less than 1 mm diameter compared to both the other groups.Histological study of four of the lungs in greater detail revealed that the reduction in small airways filling was the result of a combination of obliteration and obstruction of the lumen by pus. Tantalum bronchography provides a good indication of the state of the bronchial tree at the time of death, and the changes seen are the result of both acute and chronic disease processes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postmortem assessment of chronic airways obstruction by tantalum bronchography.

Scott¹,

Steiner²

1975

Thorax

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“…The compliance of individual intrapulmonary airways is important in considerations of expiratory flow limitation but has been studied extensively only in the dog and in humans (Hughes et al, 1972;Martin and Proctor, 1958;Nakamura et al, 1981). Isolated peripheral airways that have less intrinsic airway wall support are more compliant than central airways but derive support in situ from attachments to the surrounding parenchyma.…”

Section: Compliance Of Intralobar Airwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Architecture of the Tracheobronchial Tree

Pinkerton

Winkle²,

Plopper

et al. 2015

Comparative Biology of the Normal Lung

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“…These projects have investigated the bronchial tube thickness, 24,[30][31][32][33] material properties, 25,26,34,35 geometry, 36 and interaction with the parenchyma. 37,38 The interdependence of the bronchial tree and lung parenchyma has attracted attention since its introduction by Mead et al 39 The main goal is to estimate the effect of the bronchial tree on the overall behavior of the lung or vice versa.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…37,38 The interdependence of the bronchial tree and lung parenchyma has attracted attention since its introduction by Mead et al 39 The main goal is to estimate the effect of the bronchial tree on the overall behavior of the lung or vice versa. Hughes et al 36 studied the relationship between the airway deformation and rest of the lung. It is reported that the airway length changed by the cube root of the lung volume.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Deformable image registration of heterogeneous human lung incorporating the bronchial tree

et al. 2010

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Purpose:To investigate the effect of the bronchial tree on the accuracy of biomechanical-based deformable image registration of human lungs. Methods: Three dimensional finite element models have been developed using four dimensional computed tomography image data of ten lung cancer patients. Each model is built of a body, left and right lungs, tumor, and bronchial trees. Triangular shell elements are used for the bronchial trees while tetrahedral elements are used for other components. Hyperelastic material properties based on experimental investigation on human lungs are used for the lung parenchyma. Different material properties are assigned for the bronchial tree using five values for the modulus of elasticity of 0.01, 0.12, 0.5, 10, and 18 MPa. Lungs are modeled to slide inside chest cavities by applying frictionless contact surfaces between each lung and corresponding chest cavity. The accuracy of the models is examined using an average of 40 bronchial bifurcation points identified on inhale and exhale images. Relative accuracy is evaluated by comparing the displacement of all nodes within the lungs as well as the dosimetric difference at the exhale position predicted by the model. Results: There is no significant effect of bronchial tree on the model accuracy based on the bifurcation points analysis. However, on the local level, using an average of 38 000 nodes, there is a maximum difference of 8.5 mm in the deformation of the bronchial trees, as the modulus of elasticity of the bronchial trees increases from 0.01 to 18 MPa; however, more than 96% of nodes are within a 2.5 mm difference in each direction. The average dose difference at the predicted exhale position is less than 35 cGy between the models. Conclusions: The bronchial tree has little effect on the global deformation and the accuracy of deformable image registration of lungs. Hence, the homogenous model is a reasonable assumption. Since there are some local deformation differences between nodes as the material properties of the bronchial tree change that may affect the accuracy of dosimetric results, heterogeneity may be required for a smaller scale modeling of lungs.

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Use of stereoscopic X-ray pairs for measurements of airway length and diameterin situ

Cited by 16 publications

References 8 publications

Postmortem assessment of chronic airways obstruction by tantalum bronchography.

Postmortem assessment of chronic airways obstruction by tantalum bronchography.

Architecture of the Tracheobronchial Tree

Deformable image registration of heterogeneous human lung incorporating the bronchial tree

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