Use of Super-Structural Conducting Polymer as Functional Immobilization Matrix in Biosensor Design

Abstract

The evolution of electrochemical biosensors reflects a simplification and enhancement of the transduction pathway. The use of novel conducting polymers in the preparation of sensor platforms has become increasingly studied and imparts many advantages. The sensitivity and overall performance of enzymatic biosensors has improved tremendously as a result of incorporating functional group containing conducting polymers into their fabrication. Hereby, an efficient surface design was investigated by modifying the graphite rod electrode surfaces with conducting polymer displaying functional groups for the immobilization of biomolecules. A model enzyme, glucose oxidase, was efficiently immobilized to the modified surfaces via covalent binding. The biosensor was characterized in terms of its storage and operational stability and kinetic parameters. The designed sensor platform revealed excellent stability and promising kinetic parameters without carbon nanotube or graphene additive. Finally, the sensor platform was tested on beverages for glucose detection.

Silica Gel‐Immobilized 5‐aminoisophthalohydrazide: A novel sorbent for solid phase extraction of Cu, Zn and Pb from natural water samples

“…However, this group can easily react with CPTS to yield the siloxane bond and 3‐chloropropyl groups attached to the silica gel surface . This group is capable to react with primary aromatic amine moiety of hydrazide and Schiff base derivatives . The immobilization processes can be approved through IR spectra for the SiO 2 ‐CPTS surface and the anchored SiO 2 ‐APH surface .…”

“…After that, the targeted compound was separated on standing for 24 hr, and filtered and washed several times with ethanol, acetone, and distilled water. Finally, the APH ligand as shown in Figure was obtained by recrystallization from DMF …”

“…Finally, the APH ligand as shown in Figure 1 was obtained by recrystallization from DMF. [32,33] A sample of 7.5 g of SiO 2 -CPTS was added to 5.0 g of APH in 80 mL of dry DMF, and 10 mL of trimethylamine (TEA) used as disprotonant agent were then added to favor the reaction equilibrium. The reaction mixture was refluxed with stirring for 96 hr at 160 C [34] and then filtered off, washed several times with distilled water, ethanol and DMF, and dried under vacuum at room temperature for 24 hr, to give the silica gel-immobilized APH-immobilized silica named SiO 2 -APH shown in Figure 1.…”

“…[31,36] This group is capable to react with primary aromatic amine moiety of hydrazide and Schiff base derivatives. [32,33] The immobilization processes can be approved through IR spectra for the SiO 2 -CPTS surface and the anchored SiO 2 -APH surface. [36] In IR spectrum of the SiO 2 -APH, the adsorption band is observed 1657 cm −1 which is due to the C=O stretching of organic compound.…”

Recent progress in conductive polymeric materials for biomedical applications

“…CPs are most amenable to biosensors as they can act as matrix for the immobilization or localization of biological entity responsible for recognition of analyte or can be used in the sensing mechanism as a physicochemical transducer to convert biochemical signal to digital electrical signal or can be an interface to act as self‐contained electron transport mediator during enzymatic reactions between an enzyme and the final electrode . So, CP emerged as an important component mediating, transducing, and more recently amplifying the responses signifying specific analyte's presence.…”