Use of the agarose cell block technique in veterinary diagnostic cytopathology: an “old and forgotten” method

Zanoni, Diogo Sousa; Grandi, Fabrizio; Rocha, Noeme Sousa

doi:10.1111/j.1939-165x.2012.00456.x

Cited by 21 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The goal of this study was to evaluate the CB in the interpretation of aspirate samples from canine patients with PLN and in the immunophenotyping of lymphoma. While a number of CB techniques have been described in the veterinary literature, owing to its ease of use, affordability, and use in previous publications, we used the Shandon Cytoblock kit in this study …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Proposed advantages of the CB as documented in human studies include: (a) the preservation of tissue architecture, (b) sample archivability owing to paraffin embedding, (c) the suitability of samples for cytochemical and immunohistochemical staining, (d) a reduced need for excisional biopsy and (e) advantages in the detection of certain malignancies, including lymphoma . Limited studies on the CB or CB‐like techniques in veterinary medicine have demonstrated its utility in the evaluation of lymphoid tissues and in the detection of fungal osteomyelitis, leishmaniasis, mesothelioma and bone marrow carcinoma micrometastasis . While all veterinary publications describing the CB testify to its ease of use, only one has evaluated its utility in the evaluation of the canine reactive and lymphomatous lymph node and in the diagnosis of lymphoma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cytology and the cell block method in diagnostic characterization of canine lymphadenopathy and in the immunophenotyping of nodal lymphoma

Heinrich

Avery

Henson

et al. 2019

Vet Comparative Oncology

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Minimally invasive techniques used to evaluate canine peripheral lymphadenopathy (PLN), including fine needle aspiration biopsy with cytological evaluation (FNAB‐C) and flow cytometry (FC), have benefits and limitations. The cell block (CB) method is an alternate processing technique in which fine needle aspirate biopsy samples are concentrated, fixed, and embedded in paraffin for routine histological processing/staining. Utilizing three observers, we determined the diagnostic value of the CB in evaluating canine PLN across six categories (non‐diagnostic, reactive, inflammatory/infectious, probable lymphoma and lymphoma, metastatic neoplasia) and correlated findings to immunophenotypic and clonal antigen receptor rearrangement results in canine nodal lymphoma. Eighty‐five paired FNAB‐C and CB samples were evaluated from canine patients presenting to the University of Minnesota Veterinary Oncology or Internal Medicine services. Diagnostic quality samples were obtained in 55/85 (65%) CB and 81/85 (95%) FNAB‐C samples, respectively, and nodal pathology impacted CB diagnostic yield. Overall percent agreement between diagnostic‐quality FNAB‐C and CB samples was 86%, but increased to 95% if the categories of lymphoma and probable lymphoma were combined. There was 100% agreement for both the diagnoses of metastatic neoplasia and reactive lymph nodes and 92% agreement for the diagnosis of lymphoma/probable lymphoma. Using immunohistochemistry (IHC), CB samples correctly immunophenotyped 22/23 (96%) cases of B‐cell lymphoma, but only 1/6 (17%) cases of T‐cell lymphoma. IHC was not completed on nine cases of lymphoproliferative disease because of insufficient cellularity. When the CB method (CBM) yielded diagnostic quality samples there was good to excellent agreement with FNAB‐C samples and CB samples were suitable for some IHC tests.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytology and the cell block method in diagnostic characterization of canine lymphadenopathy and in the immunophenotyping of nodal lymphoma

Heinrich

Avery

Henson

et al. 2019

Vet Comparative Oncology

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“…Zanoni et al (2012), in a comparative study between the cell block technique in agarose and smears of canine mammary tumors, found diagnostic concordance levels of 13.7% and 5.9%, respectively, in comparison with the surgical piece, showing a better representativeness of the CB technique.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of the cell block technique to determine the expression of oestrogen (ER), progesterone (PR) and cytokeratin 5 (CK5) receptors allows a better therapeutic approach (Bueno y col 2013, Zanoni et al 2012Horta et al 2012). An increased expression for the oestrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors is related to a better prognosis while the positivity of the CK5 receptor is related to a worse prognosis, in both canines and humans with mammary carcinomas (Terra et al 2012, Horta et al 2012, Figueiroa et al 2012.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cell block sensitivity for immunohistochemical detection of cytokeratin 5, oestrogen and progesterone receptors in canine primary mammary carcinoma

Silveira

Campos

Düfloth

et al. 2017

Austral j. vet. sci.

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ABSTRACT. Mammary carcinomas are relatively common ailments among female canines aged around 10 years old, presenting an important morbidity with an average survival of five years. The cytoinclusion technique is frequently employed in human medicine as the investigative method of choice as it quickly provides resources for the determination of the correct therapeutic response, however, the effectiveness of the technique in canines remains understudied in veterinary medicine. This study aims at evaluating the degree of correlation with immunohistochemical marking for cytokeratin 5 (CK5), oestrogen and progesterone receptors (ER and PR) between the cytoinclusion and the histopathology technique in mammary carcinomas. Twenty-five samples of mammary carcinoma, both for the cytoinclusion and histopathological techniques were submitted for histological processing; microscope slides were created for hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and the immunohistochemical technique (IHC) was assessed for the ER, PR and CK5 receptors. Through the HE staining, we reached a concordance rate of 100% between the cytoinclusion and the histopathological analysis in the diagnosis of carcinomas. The immunohistochemical assay presented sensitivity of 85.71%, 95.45% and 100% and Cohen's kappa of 0.78, 0.84 and 0.95 for ER, PR and CK5, respectively, as well as 100% specificity and P<0.01 for all three markers. Therefore, cytoinclusion represents an accessible, fast and low-cost method, offering high sensitivity for the cytomorphological and immunohistochemical diagnosis of mammary carcinoma in female canines.Key words: cytoinclusion, histopathological, immunohistochemistry, tumor. RESUMEN.Los carcinomas mamarios son relativamente comunes en hembras caninas con edades de alrededor 10 años y representan un importante factor de morbilidad para estas hembras; la técnica de citoinclusión es frecuentemente empleada en medicina humana como un método de diagnóstico que permite proveer información rápida para la determinación de una conducta terapéutica correcta, sin embargo, la efectividad de esta técnica permanece poco estudiada en medicina veterinaria. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el grado de correlación entre marcadores inmunohistoquímicos para citokeratina 5 (CK5), receptores de estrógenos y progesterona (RE y RP) entre la técnica de citoinclusión y la técnica histopatológica en carcinoma mamario. Veinticinco muestras de carcinoma mamario para la técnica de citoinclusión e histopatológica fueron sometidas a procesamiento histológico, láminas fueron confeccionadas para la tinción mediante hematoxilina y eosina (HE), y la técnica de inmunohistoquímica para identificar la expresión de RE, RP y CK5. Mediante la tinción de la HE fue encontrado una proporción de concordancia del 100% entre el análisis de citoinclusión e histopatológico de carcinoma mamario. El análisis inmunohistoquímico evidenció una sensibilidad del 85,71%, 95,45% y 100% y un índice kappa de Cohen de 0,78, 0,84 y 0,95 para RE, RP y CK5, respectivamente, así como 100% de especifi...

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Cell Block Preparation Techniques and Applications in Veterinary Medicine

Walsh¹,

Patel²

2020

Veterinary Cytology

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Use of the agarose cell block technique in veterinary diagnostic cytopathology: an “old and forgotten” method

Cited by 21 publications

References 16 publications

Cytology and the cell block method in diagnostic characterization of canine lymphadenopathy and in the immunophenotyping of nodal lymphoma

Cytology and the cell block method in diagnostic characterization of canine lymphadenopathy and in the immunophenotyping of nodal lymphoma

Cell block sensitivity for immunohistochemical detection of cytokeratin 5, oestrogen and progesterone receptors in canine primary mammary carcinoma

Cell Block Preparation Techniques and Applications in Veterinary Medicine

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