Use of thoracic ultrasound on Scottish dairy cattle farms to support the diagnosis and treatment of bovine respiratory disease in calves

Baxter-Smith, Katharine; More, James; Hyde, Robert

doi:10.1002/vetr.939

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 15 publications

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“…Similarly, Rabeling et al (1998) investigated the use of TUS in calves up to 5 months old, presenting with arthritis or chronic lesions at a veterinary clinic, resulting in a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 98% [84]. Cumulatively, these studies suggest that TUS is a reliable method for identifying pulmonary consolidation in calves, irrespective of their clinical status [153].…”

Section: Thoracic Radiographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) Diagnosis and Prognosis: A Comprehensive Overview

Kamel,

Davidson,

Verma

2024

Animals

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Despite significant advances in vaccination strategies and antibiotic therapy, bovine respiratory disease (BRD) continues to be the leading disease affecting the global cattle industry. The etiology of BRD is complex, often involving multiple microbial agents, which lead to intricate interactions between the host immune system and pathogens during various beef production stages. These interactions present environmental, social, and geographical challenges. Accurate diagnosis is essential for effective disease management. Nevertheless, correct identification of BRD cases remains a daunting challenge for animal health technicians in feedlots. In response to current regulations, there is a growing interest in refining clinical diagnoses of BRD to curb the overuse of antimicrobials. This shift marks a pivotal first step toward establishing a structured diagnostic framework for this disease. This review article provides an update on recent developments and future perspectives in clinical diagnostics and prognostic techniques for BRD, assessing their benefits and limitations. The methods discussed include the evaluation of clinical signs and animal behavior, biomarker analysis, molecular diagnostics, ultrasound imaging, and prognostic modeling. While some techniques show promise as standalone diagnostics, it is likely that a multifaceted approach—leveraging a combination of these methods—will yield the most accurate diagnosis of BRD.

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Section: Thoracic Radiographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) Diagnosis and Prognosis: A Comprehensive Overview

Kamel,

Davidson,

Verma

2024

Animals

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Clinical examination of cattle. Part 2: calves, technology and ancillary testing

Sherwin¹,

Nelson²,

Kerby³

et al. 2022

In Practice

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Background: A systematic clinical examination of calves is key for reaching a diagnosis and creating a management plan for sick animals, with the principles of an individual animal clinical examination giving an indication of group‐level issues within the herd. The use of ancillary testing can aid in diagnosing different conditions in both youngstock and adult cattle, as well as determining the prognosis for the animal. This has become more accessible recently due to the developments in sensors and the application of diagnostic imaging, as well as calf‐side tests. Aim of the article: This article is the second in a two‐part series on undertaking a clinical examination of cattle. This article focuses on how to perform a clinical examination of a calf, at both an individual and a population level, and also discusses the role of technology and ancillary testing in aiding the clinical examination of both adult cattle and calves. Part 1 focused on examining adult dairy and beef cattle (Nelson and others 2022).

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Cross-sectional study: can endogenous procalcitonin differentiate between healthy and bovine respiratory disease-affected preweaned dairy calves?

Sala,

Boccardo,

Ferrulli

et al. 2024

Veterinary Quarterly

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Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) represents a significant challenge in cattle management due to its multifactorial nature and lack of a gold standard diagnostic method. Procalcitonin (PCT) has emerged as a potential biomarker for bacterial infections in various species, including cattle. This study aimed to investigate plasma PCT concentration variations in pre-weaned dairy calves categorized as BRD-positive using clinical scores (WRSC; BRD-positive ≥5), thoracic ultrasonography with two cut-off (TUS; BRD-positive ≥1 or ≥3), or a combination of both methods (WRSC/TUS1cm or WRSC/TUS3cm). Additionally, the accuracy of PCT in diagnosing BRD was evaluated. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a convenience sample of 226 pre-weaned Italian-Friesian female calves. Clinical scoring, TUS, and plasma PCT analysis were performed. Calves were categorized based on TUS findings, clinical scores, or a combination of both methods. Statistical analyses were conducted to assess the differences in PCT concentrations among different groups and to determine the diagnostic accuracy of PCT. Results showed a significant increase in PCT levels in calves with lung consolidation detected by TUS using a 1 cm cutoff. However, the diagnostic accuracy of PCT in discriminating BRD-positive cases was poor (area under the curve 0.62). The optimal cutoff value for PCT was determined to be 86.63 pg/mL, with sensitivity of 49.7%, specificity of 71.8%, positive predictive value of 79.4% and negative predictive value of 39.5%. In conclusion, while PCT showed potential as a biomarker for BRD, its diagnostic accuracy was limited in this study. Future research should focus on integrating PCT measurements with other diagnostic methods and conducting longitudinal cohort studies to better understand its role in BRD diagnosis and management.

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Use of thoracic ultrasound on Scottish dairy cattle farms to support the diagnosis and treatment of bovine respiratory disease in calves

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

Strategies for Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) Diagnosis and Prognosis: A Comprehensive Overview

Strategies for Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) Diagnosis and Prognosis: A Comprehensive Overview

Clinical examination of cattle. Part 2: calves, technology and ancillary testing

Cross-sectional study: can endogenous procalcitonin differentiate between healthy and bovine respiratory disease-affected preweaned dairy calves?

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