Use of two fungal species to induce agarwood resin formation in Gyrinops walla

Subasinghe, S.; Hitihamu, H. I. D.; Fernando, K.M.E.P.

doi:10.1007/s11676-018-0654-1

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…It indicated that both methods are effective to produce agarwood at tree height of 4 to 5 m. Note: numbers which are followed by the same letter on the same column represent no significant difference (p < 0.05) Quality of agarwood is graded based on amount of resin content, wood colour, fragrance, size, species, country of origin, density, product purity, weight, age, location, etc. (Amin et al, 2012;Subasinghe et al, 2019). Furthermore, quality grading of agarwood has been a major concern in the agarwood business (Azah et al, 2013).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, tissues were more turns dark closer to the inoculation hole and lighter as the distance increased. Agarwood tissue colour were darker and resin content was higher closer to the inoculation holes/sites, which could be due to the impact of high growth of fungi in that area (Subasinghe et al, 2019) Therefore, the evaluation of agarwood or the success of agarwood production might be approached through the quantity and quality of the agarwood produced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Best Inoculation Technique Applied on Gyrinops versteegii Tree Trunk

Wahyuni

Prihantini²

2020

J Bio Bio Edu

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Agarwood is a non-timber forest product having high economic value, however, its population in nature is getting decrease. Gyrinops versteegii, an agarwood-producing plant, has been listed in Appendix II CITES, therefore, exploitation of the agarwood in nature must be reduced. An effort to reduce the agarwood exploitation the nature is by agarwood cultivation including cultivation of agarwood-producing plant and agarwood inoculation. Some of agarwood inoculation methods are simpori and implant techniques. Simpori is a modified inoculation method using porous nail and Fusarium solani, meanwhile implant technique uses drill and pieces of wood that is soaked in F. solani spores. The present study aimed to determine the best inoculation technique applied to G. versteegii tree trunk at 4 to 5m height, comparing simpori and implant techniques. This study used completely randomizes design with two treatments (simpori and implant techniques). The result showed that the averages yield of production agarwood produced by simpori and implant techniques are 0.66 and 0.64%, respectively. Based on SNI 7631:2011, the visual quality of the produced agarwood belongs to kemedangan TG.C. In conclusion, both simpori and implant technique produced agarwood in similar quality and quantity at six months inoculation, however, simpori is more practical for application in the field. This study provides additional data about agarwood produced by simpori and implant technique and give the alternative methods for agarwood farmers producing their agarwood themselves.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Best Inoculation Technique Applied on Gyrinops versteegii Tree Trunk

Wahyuni

Prihantini²

2020

J Bio Bio Edu

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“…Agarwood production is a protective mechanism within the plant against bacterial and fungal infections of genera Aquilaria, and Gyrinops (Subasinghe, and Hettiarachchi, 2015). Aspergillus niger and Fusarium solani are the most common fungal species found on Agarwood (Subasinghe, et al, 2019b). Agarwood is produced inside the stem of Walla patta (Gyrinops walla), a low country wet zone endemic plant.…”

Section: Journal Of Thementioning

confidence: 99%

The underutilized resources in the lowland wet zone forests of Sri Lanka and untapped Indigenous knowledge of peripheral households

Ranawake

2021

J. Univ. Ruhuna

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Biological diversity and cultural diversity have been identified as interdependent factors by UNESCO "Culture for the 2030 Agenda". Biological diversity determines the livelihood of the inhabitants. The contribution of inhabitants to conserve or manage the habitat sustainably is highly recognized by the world heritage convention. Minimizing waste, avoiding chemicals, selecting natural and healthier products, and recyclability are the five sustainability goals in trend. Ecological sustainability is the key feature of the communities living in their natural habitats. Indigenous knowledge of the people who lived in a specific area for generations is an underutilized resource for the sustainable management of the ecological system. Data centrism, carbon offsetting, and going for green products are new concepts of the century. These concepts were often applied by the local people who lived closer to lowland tropical forests in Sri Lanka. Gathering information on indigenous knowledge and identifying the diverse materials used by the indigenous people will be a reference library for future sustainable utilization, management, and conservation of lowland tropical forests. The present work describes indigenous knowledge as revealed by the local people who live closer to lowland tropical forests. The information is mainly focused on agriculture-related themes, namely food (mushrooms, aquatic and terrestrial leaves, wild fruits, aquatic molluscs), wood, vines, and leaves for production purposes (materials for housing, wood for specific purposes, leaves for weaving), natural substances (oils, wax, resins, dies, and toxic substance gathered from the forests, their sources, and usage) and honey collection and animal rearing. This invites the scientific community to explore the untouched areas in the nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, ethnobotanical, phytochemical, and architectural fields within new trending concepts such as ecological sustainability, eco-friendly, low-waste food, functional food, carbon footprint offset, green building, eco-tourism, and tightening supply chain concepts.

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“…It was found that the Agar-Bit method upregulated the expression of some biological synthase genes (farnesyldiphosphate synthase, sesquiterpene synthase, and chalcone synthase) compared to the mechanically stimulated agarwood (Wu et al, 2017; Tan et al, 2019). Subsequently, Subasinghe et al (2018) carried out an artificial induction by Aspergillus niger and F. solani for agarwood resin formation in Gyrinops walla trees. Those fungal species were mostly found in naturally formed resinous G. walla .…”

Section: Agarwood Formation—mechanisms and Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Scent of Stress: Evidence From the Unique Fragrance of Agarwood

2019

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Agarwood ( Aquilaria spp.) fragrance and its origin in stress make it probably the most suitable model to study stress-induced aroma. Production being confined only to certain small pockets of South and Southeast Asia, agarwood is arguably the costliest wood in the world. Formation of fragrant agarwood resin is the outcome of complex biotic, abiotic, and physical stress on the Aquilaria trees. The intricate mechanism by which some 150 odd fragrant molecules that constitute agarwood aroma is formed is still not clearly understood. The present review therefore aims to bring to focus this less known but highly valuable stress-induced aroma from Asia. Discussions on agarwood species, occurrence, distribution, formation, and products have been included as foundation. Although global trade in agarwood and its products is estimated at US$6 billion to US$8 billion, no reliable data are readily available in literature. Therefore, an effort has been made to review the current status of agarwood trade. The element of stress and its correlation to agarwood aroma is discussed in the subsequent sections. Natural agarwood formation as well as technologies and interventions in agarwood induction are stress-based (natural and artificial injury, insect and fungal attack, chemical induction). The molecular triggers are gradually coming to light as new studies are implicating jasmonate, LOX signaling, and other stress reaction routes as the source of agarwood aroma. This review therefore has strived to compile the information that is scattered across scientific as well as other authentic literature and update the reader on the current status. More information about the specific roles of other vital stressors like insects, abiotic, and genetic factors is eagerly awaited from ongoing and future research to further understand the unique fragrance of agarwood.

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Use of two fungal species to induce agarwood resin formation in Gyrinops walla

Cited by 28 publications

References 11 publications

The Best Inoculation Technique Applied on Gyrinops versteegii Tree Trunk

The Best Inoculation Technique Applied on Gyrinops versteegii Tree Trunk

The underutilized resources in the lowland wet zone forests of Sri Lanka and untapped Indigenous knowledge of peripheral households

The Scent of Stress: Evidence From the Unique Fragrance of Agarwood

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