Use of valganciclovir in patients with elevated antibody titers against Human Herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) and Epstein—Barr Virus (EBV) who were experiencing central nervous system dysfunction including long-standing fatigue

Kogelnik, Andreas M.; Loomis, Kristin S.; Hoegh-Petersen, Mette; Rosso, Fernando; Hischier, Courtney; Montoya, José G.

doi:10.1016/s1386-6532(06)70009-9

Cited by 66 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…An antibody titer is used to measure of how much antibody that recognizes a particular epitope (Kogelnik, et al, 2006). Positive control that derived from standard protein of GAD65 ELISA kit was highest intensity among of all ( Figure 3B).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning and Expression of hGAD65 Gene in E. Coli BL21

et al. 2015

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The aim of this study is to construct the hGAD65 gene and to identify the hGAD65 clone by using PCR & RFLP. The samples were derived from normal person & DM patient's blood. Blood DNA was isolated by salting out method and then amplifi ed by PCR with a pair of specifi c primer, GAD65-F-BamH1-807 & GAD65-R-Xho1-945. The PCR-product was cloned into vector pET-28a and the pET28a-hGAD65-clone was transformed into E.coli BL21 competent cells. The pET28a-hGAD65-clone was confi rmed by PCR and RFLP by BamH1 & XhoI. The PCR product of pET28a-hGAD65-clone was one band of 159bp and has two bands 5.3 kb and 159 bp by RFLP with both restriction enzymes. The GAD65 protein is expressed in 65kD of pET28a-hGAD65-clone. PET28a-hGAD65-clone was able to recognize by gold standard monoclonal antibody specifi cally. These results indicated that the hGAD65 gene inserted into pET28a properly and provided the GAD65 protein expression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning and Expression of hGAD65 Gene in E. Coli BL21

et al. 2015

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“…These findings must, however, be interpreted carefully since using acyclovir to treat EBV infection is questionable (personal data). In another study, valgancyclovir, an oral pro-drug of ganciclovir, was used to treat CFS patients with high EBV antibody titers (Kogelnik et al, 2006;Lerner et al, 2001). Clinical improvement was observed with a decrease in EBV antibody titer.…”

Section: Herpes Virus and Cfsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Viral Infections

Morinet¹

2012

An International Perspective on the Future of Research in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

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“…60 Unassembled EBVencoded early proteins, including among others, EBV DNA polymerase and EBV dUTPase, may enter the periphery in both the IM and EBV subsets of CFS. We postulate that these circulating EBV-encoded abortive lytic proteins attach to cellular membranes and enter multiple organs, including the heart (cardiomyopathy), 6,24 muscle (myositis), brain, and meninges (encephalopathy), 8 and subsequently incite an explosive inflammatory response-producing disease. 61 Symptoms and pathologic findings in the IM and EBV subsets of CFS may require the same circulating EBV-encoded proteins.…”

Section: 55mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,6 In three peer-reviewed publications, including a placebo-controlled trial and a recent systematic review, we report longlasting clinical improvement with valacyclovir in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) subset of CFS patients. 1,[12][13][14] Kogelnik et al have reported similar therapeutic results in human herpesvirus (HHV) 6/EBV subset group-A CFS with valganciclovir, 8 and Jason et al estimate there are 800,000 CFS patients in the USA. 15,16 CFS remains a conundrum.…”

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confidence: 99%

Abortive lytic Epstein–Barr virus replication in tonsil-B lymphocytes in infectious mononucleosis and a subset of the chronic fatigue syndrome

Lerner¹,

Beqaj²

2012

VAAT

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A systematic 2001-2007 review of 142 chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) patients identified 106 CFS patients with elevated serum IgG antibodies to the herpesviruses EpsteinBarr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus, or human herpesvirus (HHV) 6 in single or multiple infections, with no other co-infections detected. We named these 106 patients group-A CFS. Eighty-six of these 106 group-A CFS patients (81%) had elevated EBV early antibody, early antigen (diffuse), serum titers. A small group of six patients in the group-A EBV subset of CFS, additionally, had repetitive elevated-serum titers of antibody to the early lytic replicationencoded proteins, EBV dUTPase, and EBV DNA polymerase. The presence of these serum antibodies to EBV dUTPase and EBV DNA polymerase indicated EBV abortive lytic replication in these 6 CFS patients. None of 20 random control people (age-and sex-matched, with blood drawn at a commercial laboratory) had elevated serum titers of antibody to EBV dUTPase or EBV DNA polymerase (P , 0.01). This finding needs verification in a larger group of EBV CFS subset patients, but if corroborated, it may represent a molecular marker for diagnosing the EBV subset of CFS. We review evidence that EBV abortive lytic replication with unassembled viral proteins in the blood may be the same in infectious mononucleosis (IM) and a subset of CFS. EBV-abortive lytic replication in tonsil plasma cells is dominant in IM. No complete lytic virion is in the blood of IM or CFS patients. Complications of CFS and IM include cardiomyopathy and encephalopathy. Circulating abortive lytic-encoded EBV proteins (eg, EBV dUTPase, EBV DNA polymerase, and others) may be common to IM and CFS. The intensity and duration of the circulating EBV-encoded proteins might differentiate the IM and EBV subsets of CFS. Abortive lytic replication may be a pathogenic mechanism for EBV disease. EBV (HHV4) is a gamma herpesvirus composed of dsDNA about 170 Kb in length. For this discussion, there are early genes (including expressions of encoded proteins EBV dUTPase, DNA polymerase, and nuclear proteins) and late genes (including expressions of capsid and membrane proteins). Abortive infection infers incomplete virion expressions of either early or late proteins, but the virion is incomplete. The lytic virus infers a complete virion. The pathologic consequences of EBV abortive replication are currently being investigated by authors.

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Use of valganciclovir in patients with elevated antibody titers against Human Herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) and Epstein—Barr Virus (EBV) who were experiencing central nervous system dysfunction including long-standing fatigue

Cited by 66 publications

References 29 publications

Cloning and Expression of hGAD65 Gene in E. Coli BL21

Cloning and Expression of hGAD65 Gene in E. Coli BL21

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Viral Infections

Abortive lytic Epstein–Barr virus replication in tonsil-B lymphocytes in infectious mononucleosis and a subset of the chronic fatigue syndrome

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Use of valganciclovir in patients with elevated antibody titers against Human Herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) and Epstein—Barr Virus (EBV) who were experiencing central nervous system dysfunction including long-standing fatigue

Cited by 66 publications

References 29 publications

Cloning and Expression of hGAD65 Gene in E. Coli BL21

Cloning and Expression of hGAD65 Gene in E. Coli BL21

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Viral Infections

Abortive lytic Epstein&ndash;Barr virus replication in tonsil-B lymphocytes in infectious mononucleosis and a subset of the chronic fatigue syndrome

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Abortive lytic Epstein–Barr virus replication in tonsil-B lymphocytes in infectious mononucleosis and a subset of the chronic fatigue syndrome