Use of Water Emulsion and Intake Water Injection as NOx Reduction Techniques for Heavy Duty Diesel Engines

Hountalas, D. T.; Mavropoulos, G. C.; Zannis, Theodoros C.; Mamalis, Sotirios

doi:10.4271/2006-01-1414

Cited by 72 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The water can be injected either downstream of the compressor or upstream of the compressor [24][25][26][27]28,35]. Tauzia et.al [2] had investigated the effects of water injection into the intake manifold of a HDDI Diesel engine.…”

Section: Water Injection/emulsionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The third available method to reduce local combustion temperature and consequently the NOx emission is the injection of emulsion of water into an engine system [24][25][26][27][28]. One of the advantages of the water injection as compared with the EGR and the catalytic converter is the enhanced possibility of reduction of NOx over the entire engine load range without affecting the PM emission negatively [2].…”

Section: Water Injection/emulsionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water injection effects on the performance and emission characteristics of a CI engine operating with biodiesel

et al. 2012

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Biodiesel is one of the most promising renewable, alternative and environmentally friendly biofuels that can be used in diesel engine without any need for any modification in the engine. However, researchers have reported that the engines running with biodiesel emit NOx in higher concentrations. To address this problem, in the present study an experimental investigation has been carried out on the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a compression ignition (CI) engine running with biodiesel under steady state conditions with a novel NOx reducing mechanism involving a water injections system. The experimental work has been conducted on a four-cylinder, fourstroke, direct injection (DI) as well as turbocharged diesel engine. In this investigation, biodiesel (produced from the rapeseed oil by transesterfication process) has been used.During the experiments the in-cylinder pressure, specific fuel consumption, water injection flow rate, fuel flow rate and exhaust emission (NOx, CO, CO 2 and THC) were measured. The experimental results clearly indicate that water injection at a rate of 3kg/h results in the reduction of NOx emission by about 50% without causing any significant change in the specific fuel consumption. Furthermore, the water injection in the intake manifold has little effect on the in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate of the CI engine under different operating conditions. 2

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Section: Water Injection/emulsionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Water Injection/emulsionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water injection effects on the performance and emission characteristics of a CI engine operating with biodiesel

et al. 2012

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“…Lastly, following basic combustion principles [32], the CO 2 increases in Figure 6 follow exactly the fuel consumption ones from Figure 5, with peaks noticed at each acceleration. Particularly high values are also observed during the high-speed segment, as the increased aerodynamic resistance from Equation (1) requires high engine loading/fueling in order to be overcome [34].…”

Section: Continuous Acceleration Schedulementioning

confidence: 91%

“…For the NO emissions in Figure 6, the main parameter is the temperature of the burned gas but the availability of oxygen plays an influential role too [32,33]. NO emissions are increased following the high temperatures during the turbocharger lag thermodynamic cycles; these high temperatures originate in the air-fuel mixture assuming close to stoichiometric values [2].…”

Section: Continuous Acceleration Schedulementioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Effect of Vehicle, Driving and Road Parameters on the Transient Performance and Emissions of a Turbocharged Truck

Giakoumis

Triantafillou

2018

Energies

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Abstract:In this paper, a fundamental analysis of the effects of various influential parameters on the performance and emissions of a turbocharged truck operating under transient conditions is presented. The results derive from a detailed vehicle model that comprises two parts. The first is an engine performance and emissions module that follows a mapping approach, with experimentally derived correction coefficients employed to account for transient discrepancies; this is then coupled to a comprehensive vehicle model that takes into account various vehicle operation attributes such as gearbox, tires, tire slip, etc. Soot, as well as nitrogen monoxide, are the examined engine-out pollutants, together with fuel consumption and carbon dioxide. The parameters examined are vehicular (mass and gearbox), driving (driver 'aggressiveness' and gear-shift profile) and road (type and grade). From the range of values investigated, the most critical parameters for the emission of NO and soot are vehicle mass, driving 'aggressiveness' and the exact gear-change profile. Vehicle mass, driving 'aggressiveness' and road-grade were identified as the most influential parameters for the emission of CO 2 . A notable statistical correlation was established between pollutant emissions (NO, soot) and vehicle mass or road-tire friction, as well as between fueling/CO 2 and vehicle mass, road-tire friction and road grade. It is believed that the results obtained shed light into the effect of critical operating parameters on the engine-out emissions of a truck/bus, underlining at the same time the peculiarities of transient operating conditions.

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“…Therefore, in order to improve these emissions, a study in spray characteristic and formation is necessary before the combustion process started. The simplest method to control the emission is by adding water in diesel, which is diesel-water emulsion process [3][4][5]. It enhanced the air fuel mixing during the diffusion combustion phase, which allows combustion at lower global air fuel ratio while maintaining PM constant [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Mixture Formation of Biodiesel-Water-Air Rapid Mixing Derived from Crude Palm Oil and Waste Cooking Oil in Burner Combustion

Suardi

Azman

Samsudin

et al. 2014

AMM

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The trade-off between NO x and PM is a main issue in the observation of combustion characteristics, NO x and PM are released from the combustion of biodiesel either in internal combustion engine or external burner system. Thus, the rapid mixing of biodiesel-water-air technique is one of the most significant approaches to the reduction of pollutant emissions from burner combustion. In this research, the relation between the mixture formation of biodiesel spray and the burning process was investigated in detail in order to understand the effects of the changes of fuel properties in fuel evaporation. In these experiments, different types of biodiesel fuel derived from the crude palm oil and waste cooking oil were used in the same nozzle characteristics of burner system. This study focuses on the observation of the real images of the spray characteristics together with equivalent ratio, water content, spray penetration length, spray angle and spray area. Water emulsion of percentage up to 15vol% and blending of biodiesel ratio was varied from 5vol%-15vol%. The diesel fuel has been compared with based analyzed of real spray images with the times change. The results show the percentage of biodiesel and shows the higher of water content due to the higher viscosity affects the higher penetration length and lower spray angle and influence the flame penetration. IntroductionIn the near future, the growth of economic and population have driven the use of energy and natural resources. However, natural resources such as fossil fuel, gasoline, coal and natural gas will exhaust toxic emissions when there are used as a fuel in the burner combustion. Diesel as one of the natural resources is being consumed heavily in the world demand. Diesel can be used in many applications such as automotive and burner system. These fuels will exhaust toxic emissions such as NOx, CO and particulate matters (PM) which causes environment problem[1], [8]. Therefore, in order to improve these emissions, a study in spray characteristic and formation is necessary before the combustion process started. The simplest method to control the emission is by adding water in diesel, which is diesel-water emulsion process [3][4][5]. It enhanced the air fuel mixing during the diffusion combustion phase, which allows combustion at lower global air fuel ratio while maintaining PM constant [10]. In addition, the water involves in the mixtures can reduce the flame temperature at the core region of the flame, hence the reduction of high temperature area will decrease the formation of NO x [1], [3], [8].

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Use of Water Emulsion and Intake Water Injection as NOx Reduction Techniques for Heavy Duty Diesel Engines

Cited by 72 publications

References 31 publications

Water injection effects on the performance and emission characteristics of a CI engine operating with biodiesel

Water injection effects on the performance and emission characteristics of a CI engine operating with biodiesel

Analysis of the Effect of Vehicle, Driving and Road Parameters on the Transient Performance and Emissions of a Turbocharged Truck

Effect of Mixture Formation of Biodiesel-Water-Air Rapid Mixing Derived from Crude Palm Oil and Waste Cooking Oil in Burner Combustion

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