Use of Xpert MTB/RIF Assay in Rural Health Facilities in Southern Ethiopia

Ramos, José; Fernández-Muñoz, María de Jesús; Tisiano, Gabriel; Fano, Haji; Yohannes, Tafese; Gosa, Ashenafi; Tesfamariam, Abraham; Expósito, Cristina Verdú; Romanyk, Juan; Reyes, Fernando; Górgolas, Miguel

doi:10.4172/1989-8436.100077

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…As a result, out of 995 TB presumptive patients who were eligible for GeneXpert assay, 20.0% had proven MTB detection in this study. This result is consistent with the findings of previous studies carried out in Debre Markos Referral Hospital (23.2%) [17], Gambo Hospital (20.0%) [10], Bahirdar (24.3 %) [21], South Asian General Hospital (21.32%) [22], Northern Nigeria (23%) [23], India (27.6%) [24], and South Africa (26%) [25]. However, it was lower compared to other reports in Nigeria (31.4%) [26].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In a multivariate regression model, this study showed a significant association between age group of 15–44 years old and the risk of contracting MTB infection. This observed presence of higher TB among this productive age groups is in agreement with pervious report from UK [30], global WHO report [1] and studies in Ethiopia [9], [10], [17], [18]. This is a good indicator for the impact of TB on the national productive age group of the country.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…It is however less than the studies conducted in Debre Markos Referral Hospital (9.8%) [8] and Northwest Ethiopia ( 9.3%) [18]. Our finding is still higher than the study conducted on referral sample in Ambo, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia (0.3%) [10]. This higher RIF resistance in this study also urges for an immediate phenotypic study in order to use rifampicin resistance as surrogate marker for MDR-TB in the area, according to WHO's recommendation.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

“…National guideline recommends Xpert MTB/RIF to be used for presumptive MDR-TB cases and presumptive TB cases among HIV positive individuals, and children below 14 years of age [2]. Previous studies in Ethiopia have assessed the importance of the introduction of GeneXpert MTB/RIF program in the country [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16]. However, there is limited evidence on the program implementation of Xpert MTB/RIF for the diagnosis of MTB and RIF resistance in clinical setting in Ethiopia [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Xpert MTB/RIF assay for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Rifampicin resistance in high Human Immunodeficiency Virus setting in Gambella regional state, southwest Ethiopia

Ejeta

Beyene

Bonsa

et al. 2018

Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseas

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BackgroundThe introduction of a new and rapid molecular diagnostic for tuberculosis (TB) and rifampicin resistance (RIF) in the national TB program has improved the diagnosis of TB by shortening the turnaround time and detecting the presence of RIF resistance in high TB and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) settings such as Ethiopia. However, the implementation of this new diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of M. tuberculosis (MTB) and rifampicin (RIF) resistance in clinical setting is limited known in the country. Hence, this study intended to describe the program of GeneXpert MTB/RIF in the diagnosis of TB and RIF in high HIV setting in Gambella Regional State, Southwest Ethiopia.MethodInstitutional based retrospective study was conducted among presumptive TB patients diagnosed with GeneXpert assay in the last three years (2015–2017) in Gambella Hospital from May 1–30, 2017. The data were collected from GeneXpert registration book using standard data extraction sheet. The data were entered and cleared using EPI data 3.1 and then, exported and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 statistical software package.ResultOf the 995 presumptive TB patients who received the GeneXpert test in the last three years, 20.0% (95% CI: 17.4–22.7) of them had proven MTB detection while 4.9% (95% CI: 2.2–8.1) had RIF resistance. The prevalence of RIF resistance was 2.3% and 14.3% among the new and retreated cases respectively. There was also a 35.5% TB/HIV co-infections. The odd of MTB detection was higher among 15–29 [AOR 2.17 (95% CI: 1.25- 3.76)] and 30–44 [AOR 2.35 (95% CI: 1.36–4.07)] year old participants. The figure was however significantly lower among female [AOR 0.64 (95% CI: 0.45–0.91)] and unknown HIV status [AOR 0.38(95% CI: 0.24–0.61)] participants of the study. In addition, the odd of RIF resistance was significantly low among HIV unknown case [AOR 0.14 (95% CI: 0.02–0.96)]. It was also learnt that there was progressively decline of invalid or error Xpert result from 4.7% to 2.0% in the course of the study period (X2, 25.54; P = 0.001).ConclusionThe study confirms the high prevalence of TB, RIF resistance and TB/HIV co-infection among the study participants. Age, sex, and HIV status of the study participants were predictor factors for MTB detection while HIV status was associated with RIF resistance. Therefore, the results of the study indicate that there is the need for collaborative and intensified prevention of TB and HIV in the study area. The ongoing supervision and mentoring to improve the performance of Xpert in the institution need to be promoted.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Xpert MTB/RIF assay for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Rifampicin resistance in high Human Immunodeficiency Virus setting in Gambella regional state, southwest Ethiopia

Ejeta

Beyene

Bonsa

et al. 2018

Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseas

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“…This was in agreement with previous studies conducted in different parts of Ethiopia such as Gambela, 16 Gondar, 24 Debre Markos 33 and Southern Ethiopia. 34 The prevalence of TB in under-5 children was 8.1%, which was relatively lower when compared to the adolescent group. This is a good indicator for the impact of TB on the young age group of the society and this could be likely due to high mobility from place to place, increased risky sexual behaviors, high workload and environmental exposure that increases acquisition of TB infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

<p>Rifampicin-Resistant <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> Among Patients with Presumptive Tuberculosis in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</p>

Araya¹,

Negesso²,

Tamir³

2020

IDR

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Background: Drug-resistant tuberculosis remains a major public health threat complicating tuberculosis control programs globally. Data on rifampicin resistance (RR), which is a surrogate marker for multidrug resistance, are limited among Ethiopian tuberculosis patients. This study aimed to determine the magnitude of rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (RR-MTB) among presumptive tuberculosis patients attending St.

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Trends in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and prevalence of Rifampicin Resistance in Eastern zone, Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia

Kahsu

Hailay

2020

Preprint

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Background Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) bacteria. The emergence of Mono or multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB), poses a considerable challenge to Mycobacterium tuberculosis control programs in the worldwide; however, there has been no reliable and organized data on trends and prevalence drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in study area; Therefore, aim of this study to determine the trends of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and prevalence of Rifampicin resistance in eastern zone, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Methods Hospital based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Adigrat General Hospital from June 01 to August 30, 2019.Data was collected retrospectively from the registration books using data extraction format commence January 01, 2015, December 30, 2018. Data was entered into Epi-Info 3.1 and exported and analyzed using SPSS Version 20. The results were summarized using descriptive statistics, tables, and figures. P values < 0.05 would be considered statistically significant. Result A total of 5,944 Mycobacterium tuberculosis presumptive patients were included in the study. The majority of the study participants were male (58.1%). The median age of the participants was 40.0 (IQR 57, 26) years, the majority age-group was 30-44 years. The overall prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was 1446 (24.3%). Of the total confirmed cases, 132 (9.1%) were resistant to rifampicin. From total Rifampicin resistant 129 (97.7%) new cases and the rest were previously treated tuberculosis patients. Age, reason for diagnosis, site of presumptive tuberculosis, being HIV infected was found a significant association with our dependent variable; however, only Age and being HIV infected associated with rifampicin resistance. Conclusion In our study, the overall trends of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and prevalence of rifampicin resistance were found high and increased; therefore, maximizing early detection of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis and strengthening TB infection control activities and proper implementation of directly observed treatment are recommended reducing the burden of this contagious disease.

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Use of Xpert MTB/RIF Assay in Rural Health Facilities in Southern Ethiopia

Cited by 4 publications

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Xpert MTB/RIF assay for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Rifampicin resistance in high Human Immunodeficiency Virus setting in Gambella regional state, southwest Ethiopia

Xpert MTB/RIF assay for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Rifampicin resistance in high Human Immunodeficiency Virus setting in Gambella regional state, southwest Ethiopia

<p>Rifampicin-Resistant <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> Among Patients with Presumptive Tuberculosis in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</p>

Trends in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and prevalence of Rifampicin Resistance in Eastern zone, Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia

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