Useful public health countermeasures to control the current multicountry outbreak of Monkeypox disease

Diatta, Khadija Leila El Siby; Faye, Oumar; Sall, Amadou Alpha; Faye, Ousmane; Faye, Martin

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.1060678

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Higher vaccination coverage and effective contact tracing improve disease-free equilibrium, reducing outbreak likelihood. Promoting vaccination programs and strengthening contact tracing are crucial for effective monkeypox control [21,22].…”

Section: Table 2: Descriptive Analysis Of Included Studies In the Sys...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Feasibility of Elimination of Monkeypox Virus in Nigeria: A Systematic Review

Lawrence,

Anejo-Okopi,

Adeseye

2024

Cureus

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Monkeypox is a zoonotic virus with an increasing incidence in Nigeria, posing significant public health challenges. The virus, related to smallpox, primarily spreads through direct contact with infected animals or humans and has been noted for its potential for wider transmission due to changing ecological and social dynamics. This research aims to evaluate the feasibility of eliminating monkeypox in Nigeria through integrated approaches involving vaccination, public health strategies, and ecological management. Additionally, it seeks to propose a unified public health strategy, incorporating One Health principles, to achieve the elimination of monkeypox in Nigeria. A review of the feasibility of eliminating the monkeypox virus in Nigeria was conducted using databases like Science Direct, Cochrane, PubMed, and Medline. The search was guided by the methodologies and reporting guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The initial search yielded 89 publications, but the number of articles that required examination was reduced after applying selected keywords and evaluating abstracts. We deemed 32 articles relevant to the subject after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings are analyzed, highlighting their limitations and strengths and discussing practical implications, knowledge gaps, and recommendations for future research. This study provides evidence supporting the feasibility of the elimination of the monkeypox virus in Nigeria. Strategic recommendations for a sustainable public health approach to eliminating monkeypox emphasize preventive measures, community engagement, and ecological preservation. This study will provide critical insights into the feasibility of eliminating monkeypox in Nigeria, offering a model that can be adapted for other regions facing similar challenges. The integration of health, ecological, and community-focused strategies is expected to contribute significantly to global efforts to control and potentially eradicate monkeypox. This research could serve as a foundational study for public health authorities in Nigeria and internationally, informing policy and operational decisions to control and eliminate monkeypox as a public health threat. The monkeypox virus reemerges in Nigeria, increasing mortality rates. Awareness programs should be conducted on its danger, transmission mode, and potential human transmission. Public education on the lack of treatment and vaccines is crucial. Meat inspection laws should be enforced to ensure safe animal consumption.

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Section: Table 2: Descriptive Analysis Of Included Studies In the Sys...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Feasibility of Elimination of Monkeypox Virus in Nigeria: A Systematic Review

Lawrence,

Anejo-Okopi,

Adeseye

2024

Cureus

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“…Monkeypox data from the DRC accounted for more than one-third of the eligible articles [2,4,[8][9][10][11]13,14,17,18,[20][21][22][23]. The remaining articles had monkeypox data from Gabon [5,7], Sierra Leone [3,20], Cameroon [4,6,23], CAR [4,12,15,[24][25][26][27][28], ROC [13,16,19,29], Cote d'Ivoire [3,4], Nigeria [3,30], Liberia [3,[31][32][33][34], and Pakistan [35].…”

Section: Number Of Reports By Countrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Number Of Reports By Countrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We identified 25 peer-reviewed articles [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][28][29][30] Each box denotes the number of probable cases, number of confirmed cases (n), number of deaths, and/or CFR (%). Where suspect cases were tested and found positive for another disease, these were subtracted from the suspect case total.…”

Section: Number Of Cases By Countrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Changing Global Epidemiology of Re-emerging Human Monkeypox Virus Infection: A Systematic Review

Sham,

Sapna,

Anjali

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Human monkeypox virus (MPVX) infection represents an emerging zoonotic disease caused by an orthopoxvirus, resulting in a condition reminiscent of smallpox. More recent developments have witnessed a notable surge in global MPVX outbreaks, eliciting significant concerns. We aimed to investigate the epidemiological factors of the emerging human monkeypox virus infection, including the number of suspected, confirmed, and fatal cases, as well as the risk factors for contracting monkeypox infection. We performed a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature by following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. An electronic database search (PubMed, Wiley Online Library, and Science Direct) was undertaken. For monkeypox-related studies, we included 25 peer-reviewed articles from 2018 and 2022, and data were extracted on the current evidence on the cases and the risk factors for MPVX infection, to develop public health advisories. Our reports show a rapid rise of MPVX cases in the highly endemic African regions after the 1970s, spread to other countries, and an increase in the median age from young children to young adults. The cessation of smallpox vaccination might have been one of the factors responsible for these findings. As of 2022, the genomic sequences of ten MPVX strains associated with the recent countrywide outbreak have been determined. While the West African Clade has been primarily implicated in the recent viral surge, data were insufficient to determine which mutation contributed to increased transmissibility. In the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), sleeping on the floor was significantly associated with contracting MPVX, while eating or processing of animal foods was not a significant risk factor. In the United States, cleaning the cages and bedding of sick animals, touching infected animals, and daily exposure to sick animals were associated with an increased probability of contracting the MPVX infection. Recent global outbreaks and the rising incidence of MPVX infections among young adults in the endemic zones might be a result of the cessation of the smallpox vaccine. The increased risk associated with exposure to sick animals or sleeping on the floor suggests high infectivity from animal excretions. Increasing awareness, strict surveillance, and contact tracing can help contain global outbreaks. The ring vaccination approach for exposed individuals is another potential disease containment strategy. Future studies should investigate measures for rapid laboratory diagnosis, maintaining lab safety, and transmissibility.

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“…National surveillance programs are important to control the spread of mpoxv. These programs can provide real-time data on the virus in each affected country, which helps authorities put in place proper public health measures to contain the outbreak [ 110 ]. The key objectives of surveillance and case investigation for mpox are to rapidly identify cases, clusters, and the sources of infection as soon as possible in order to provide optimal clinical care, isolate cases to prevent further transmission, identify and manage contacts, and tailor effective control and prevention measures [ 111 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plausible reasons for the resurgence of Mpox (formerly Monkeypox): an overview

Zebardast,

Latifi,

Shafiei-Jandaghi

et al. 2023

Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines

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Poxviruses are large and diversified viruses that cause an emerging zoonotic disease known as monkeypox (mpox). In the past, mpox predominated primarily in the rural rainforests of Central and West Africa. Recently, the exportation of mpoxv from Africa to other continents has been progressively reported. However, the lack of travel history to Africa in most of the currently reported cases in 2022 promotes the sign of changing epidemiology of this disease. Concerns over the geographic distribution and continued resurgence of mpox is growing. In this review, we addressed the geographic distribution, transmission, reasons for the resurgence of mpox, and vaccination. Although the precise cause of the resurgence in mpox cases is mostly unknown, several suggested factors are believed to be waning immunity, accumulation of unvaccinated people, ecological conditions, risk behaviors of men who have sex with men, and genetic evolution.

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Useful public health countermeasures to control the current multicountry outbreak of Monkeypox disease

Cited by 4 publications

References 32 publications

The Feasibility of Elimination of Monkeypox Virus in Nigeria: A Systematic Review

The Feasibility of Elimination of Monkeypox Virus in Nigeria: A Systematic Review

The Changing Global Epidemiology of Re-emerging Human Monkeypox Virus Infection: A Systematic Review

Plausible reasons for the resurgence of Mpox (formerly Monkeypox): an overview

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