Usefulness of Bacteriological Monitoring of Endoscope Reprocessing

Kovaleva, Julia; Buss, A. J.

doi:10.5772/23447

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…The overall annual cost of microbiological testing and cost in time for nursing staff to collect the samples was estimated to be $13,339. Another study calculated the annual costs of surveillance of endoscope reprocessing (cost of microbiological testing and cost in time for staff) to be $33,959 (18). It was also estimated that the cost of the post-ERCP outbreak of P. aeruginosa sepsis affecting six patients, i.e., direct health care costs for diagnosis, treatment, and hospitalization of six affected patients, was approximately $206,273 (18).…”

Section: Microbiological Surveillance Of Endoscope Reprocessingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, both sterilizers destroy chemical, biological, and mechanical properties of instruments, including flexible endoscopes. Gas sterilization with ethylene oxide may fail in the presence of organic debris after inadequate cleaning (16,17) and when biofilm has settled in internal endoscope channels (2,18).…”

Section: Relevance Of Cleaning and Disinfectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Post-ERCP complications can be divided into mild (up to 3 days in the hospital), moderate (4 to 10 days of hospitalization), and severe (more than 10 days of hospitalization, surgical intervention, and/or death) complications. The important risk factors for post-ERCP infections are exogenous (because of contamination of endoscopes and accessory equipment) and endogenous patient-related factors, including obstruction of the bile or pancreatic duct, tissue damage during the procedure, and compromised immune status (2,18,75,81,99).…”

Section: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transmission of Infection by Flexible Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and Bronchoscopy

et al. 2013

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SUMMARY Flexible endoscopy is a widely used diagnostic and therapeutic procedure. Contaminated endoscopes are the medical devices frequently associated with outbreaks of health care-associated infections. Accurate reprocessing of flexible endoscopes involves cleaning and high-level disinfection followed by rinsing and drying before storage. Most contemporary flexible endoscopes cannot be heat sterilized and are designed with multiple channels, which are difficult to clean and disinfect. The ability of bacteria to form biofilms on the inner channel surfaces can contribute to failure of the decontamination process. Implementation of microbiological surveillance of endoscope reprocessing is appropriate to detect early colonization and biofilm formation in the endoscope and to prevent contamination and infection in patients after endoscopic procedures. This review presents an overview of the infections and cross-contaminations related to flexible gastrointestinal endoscopy and bronchoscopy and illustrates the impact of biofilm on endoscope reprocessing and postendoscopic infection.

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Section: Microbiological Surveillance Of Endoscope Reprocessingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Relevance Of Cleaning and Disinfectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transmission of Infection by Flexible Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and Bronchoscopy

et al. 2013

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“…In the University Medical Center Groningen guidelines, bacterial isolates and yeasts are identified according to standard determination schemes. 27 …”

Section: Microbiological Monitoring By Multiple Organizations/investimentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Update on Microbiological Monitoring of Gastrointestinal Endoscopes after High-Level Disinfection

Shin

Kim

2015

Clin Endosc

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Endoscopy-related infections are important contributors to nosocomial infections. Endoscope reprocessing according to standard guidelines ensures high-level disinfection and prevents endoscopy-related infections. Microbiological surveillance may help in monitoring the effectiveness of gastrointestinal endoscope disinfection. The process involves microbial cultures and non-culture methods such as bioburden assays, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence, and quantitative polymerase chain reactions (PCRs). Surveillance culturing to monitor endoscopes after reprocessing has been recommended by a majority of organizations. Bioburden assays, ATP bioluminescence, and quantitative PCRs provide rapid and reliable measures. Each institution will have to try to establish its own surveillance guidelines.

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“…Endoscopic clinical techniques are continuing to expand and the number of endoscopic procedures per year has greatly increased (Kovaleva and Buss, 2012). Overall, the rate of infections attributed to transfer of infectious agents from contaminated endoscopes is low but recent publications have demonstrated that these rates may be higher than previously thought as there is poor documentation and reporting of such events (Ofstead et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

A new buildup biofilm model that mimics accumulation of material in flexible endoscope channels

Olson

DeGagne

França

et al. 2016

Journal of Microbiological Methods

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Usefulness of Bacteriological Monitoring of Endoscope Reprocessing

Cited by 6 publications

References 75 publications

Transmission of Infection by Flexible Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and Bronchoscopy

Transmission of Infection by Flexible Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and Bronchoscopy

Recent Update on Microbiological Monitoring of Gastrointestinal Endoscopes after High-Level Disinfection

A new buildup biofilm model that mimics accumulation of material in flexible endoscope channels

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