Usefulness of ELISA Using Total Antibody against Plant-Expressed Recombinant Nucleocapsid Protein of SARS-CoV-2

Tariq, Misbah; Hur, Ji An; Seo, Jun-Won; Kim, Da Young; Yun, Na Ra; Lee, You Mi; Bang, Mi-Seon; Hwang, Soo Hyun; Kim, Choon-Mee; Lee, Ju-Hyung; Song, Kyoung Ho; Lee, Hyunju; Jung, Jongtak; Park, Ji Young; Kim, Hong Bin; Kim, Eu Suk; Lee, Sang‐Min; Kim, Dong-Min

doi:10.1128/spectrum.00672-21

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…We conducted in-house indirect ELISA using plant-expressed recombinant nucleocapsid protein to measure IgG, IgM, and total antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 in serum samples collected on admission, in the first week, and in the second weeks. The positive cutoff values for IgG, IgM, and total antibody responses were established using the mean plus three standard deviations from 1:100 diluted serum samples of 20 healthy individuals 20 . We compared the IgM, IgG, and total antibody levels across different patient groups (asymptomatic, mild to moderate, severe or critical, and fatal) and at various time points during hospital admission.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SARS-CoV-2 antigenemia and RNAemia in association with disease severity in patients with COVID-19

Kim,

Lawrence Panchali,

Kim

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for COVID-19, causes a spectrum of symptoms ranging from mild upper to severe lower respiratory tract infections. However, the dynamics of nucleocapsid (N) protein antigenemia and RNAemia are not fully understood. We conducted a cohort study involving 117 patients with clinically confirmed COVID-19, focusing on the kinetics of antigenemia and RNAemia and their association with various clinical characteristics. The patients had a median age of 66.0 years (52.0–79.0 years), with a gender distribution of 46.2% male and 53.8% female. Antigenemia reached 100% in fatal cases during the first week after admission. The sensitivity/specificity of antigenemia for diagnosis were 64.7%/73.0% at admission, 69.1%/100% in Week 1, and 66.3%/100% in Week 2. Additionally, the rates of antigenemia in asymptomatic patients were 27.3% upon admission and 22.0% in Week 1, respectively; however, no antigenemia was in samples collected in Week 2. Viral RNAemia was not detected in asymptomatic patients, but RNAemia viral loads were elevated in fatal cases. Kaplan–Meier survival curves demonstrated a higher mortality rate when antigenemia concentrations were elevated in the follow-up samples (P = 0.005). Our study provides a comprehensive analysis of the kinetics of viral N-protein antigenemia and RNAemia according to disease severity and clinical classification. Our findings suggest that highest concentrations of antigenemia in fatal cases occur in the first week after admission, indicating that early elevated antigenemia may serve as a marker of mortality risk.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, 25 µL of 1 M H 2 SO 4 was added for arresting the reaction and the optical density was measured using an Epoch™ two microplate spectrophotometer (Kitchener, ON, Canada) at 450 nm (OD 450 ). The cutoff values and positivity for SARS-CoV-2 were set as described previously 20 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 antigenemia and RNAemia in association with disease severity in patients with COVID-19

Kim,

Lawrence Panchali,

Kim

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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“…We enrolled 78 patients who were infected with the wild-type, delta, or omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants from February of 2020 to December of 2021 at Chosun University Hospital. All of the participants were clinically confirmed to be infected by using several diagnostic methods, including (i) cell culture, (ii) a more than 4-fold increase in SARS-CoV-2 antibody titer or seroconversion using indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays ( 25 – 27 ), or (iii) sequencing using an in-house nested RT-PCR targeting the spike gene or next-generation sequencing (NGS). In addition, RT-qPCR targeting the N , E , and RdRp genes was performed for all of the nasopharyngeal and sputum samples, whereas only N was targeted for the other samples.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Sensitivity of Saliva and Other Respiratory Tract Samples of SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Patients with COVID-19

et al. 2023

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Owing to the vast heterogeneity of the studies focused on the correlation between the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant and COVID-19, accurate comparisons of the specificity and sensitivity of samples and associated outcomes are still inconclusive. Moreover, limited information is available on the leading causes of infection and the factors that are associated with the conditions that underlie the spread of infection.

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“…At the time of publication, total antibody testing has been widely developed, and includes assessment of IgA with IgM and IgG. Seroconversion of total antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was observed to occur as early as the day of symptom onset ( Tariq et al 2021 ). One study using the Roche Elecsys® SARS-CoV-2 total antibody and Abbott Alinity SARS-CoV-2 IgG (Abbott Laboratories, USA) assays reached a similar conclusion ( Harley and Gunsolus 2020 ).…”

Section: Combination Analysis Of Iga Antibodies With Igm/igg and Rt-p...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Usefulness of IgA for the Early Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Comparison With IgM

Wang

2024

Polish Journal of Microbiology

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Serological testing can be a powerful complementary approach to achieve timely diagnosis of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, along with nucleic acid detection. Immunoglobulin (Ig) A antibodies are less frequently utilized to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection than IgM and IgG antibodies, even though IgA antibodies play an important role in protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2. This review discusses the differences in kinetics and assay performance between IgA and IgM antibodies and the factors influencing antibody responses. It highlights the potential usefulness of analyzing IgA antibodies for the early detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The early appearance of IgA and the high sensitivity of IgA-based immunoassays can aid in diagnosing coronavirus disease 2019. However, because of cross-reactivity, it is important to recognize the only moderate specificity of the early detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgA antibodies against spike antigens. Either the analysis of antibodies targeting the nucleocapsid antigen or a combination of antibodies against the nucleocapsid and spike antigens may strengthen the accuracy of serological evaluation.

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Usefulness of ELISA Using Total Antibody against Plant-Expressed Recombinant Nucleocapsid Protein of SARS-CoV-2

Cited by 6 publications

References 20 publications

SARS-CoV-2 antigenemia and RNAemia in association with disease severity in patients with COVID-19

SARS-CoV-2 antigenemia and RNAemia in association with disease severity in patients with COVID-19

Diagnostic Sensitivity of Saliva and Other Respiratory Tract Samples of SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Patients with COVID-19

Potential Usefulness of IgA for the Early Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Comparison With IgM

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