Usefulness of soluble endothelial protein C receptor combined with left ventricular global longitudinal strain for predicting slow coronary flow: A case-control study

Abstract

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Evaluation of cardiac chamber functions by speckle‐tracking echocardiography in the presence of coronary artery flow disturbances other than stenosis: A review

“…Among 12 studies that measured global longitudinal systolic strain (GLSS) by 2D‐STE in all myocardial segments and full myocardial thickness and/or 3D‐STE without considering the myocardial layer, nine reported declined GLSS values in patients with CSFP 27,29–31,33,35,39–41,43,44,51 . Some studies measured GLSS based on all myocardial layers (endocardial, midmyocardial, and epicardial layers) 32,38,51 .…”

“…It can, therefore, be concluded that the results of the studies measuring subendocardial layer deformation markers rather than full‐thickness deformation markers are more sensitive in demonstrating the difference between the control and patient groups. The majority of the studies concerning the LV in these conditions reported full‐thickness myocardial deformation indices, with some finding no difference between the control and patient groups 27,29–31,33,35,39–41,43,44,51 . In regard to patients with CSFP, the existing studies consistently found a reduction in the systolic function of the subendocardial and midmyocardial layers 32,38,51 .…”

“…Among 12 studies that measured global longitudinal systolic strain (GLSS) by 2D-STE in all myocardial segments and full myocardial thickness and/or 3D-STE without considering the myocardial layer, nine reported declined GLSS values in patients with CSFP. 27,[29][30][31]33,35,[39][40][41]43,44,51 Some studies measured GLSS based on all myocardial layers (endocardial, midmyocardial, and epicardial layers). 32,38,51 All these studies found that the endocardial and midmyocardial layers had diminished GLSS, and one of them revealed reduced GLSS in the epicardial layer of the CSFP group, while the endocardial-epicardial GLSS gradient was not different between the control and CSFP groups.…”

“…The majority of the studies concerning the LV in these conditions reported full-thickness myocardial deformation indices, with some finding no difference between the control and patient groups. 27,[29][30][31]33,35,[39][40][41]43,44,51 In regard to patients with CSFP, the existing studies consistently found a reduction in the systolic function of the subendocardial and midmyocardial layers. 32,38,51 In conditions other than CSFP, the studies reviewed herein did not conduct layer-specific analyses.…”