Abstract:Background: Justicia spicigera (muicle) is a plant that has been used from the pre-Hispanic era to contemporary times in Mexico. It has been used in the traditional medicine for healing diseases such as dysentery, diabetes, leukemia, and anemia, just to mention some human disorders. It has been used for obtaining indigo dye after making extraction with water to be used for coloring of baskets, crafts, and clothes. The pigments, as a powder, have been studied for use for coloring foods. The dyeing characteristi… Show more
“…These effects might be related to the high content of polyphenols and antioxidant capacity of J. spicigera leaf extracts [7,8]. Therefore, this plant could serve for possible industrial and pharmaceutical applications as a good source for extracting natural antioxidant compounds [9].…”
A Box-Behnken design (Extraction-time, pulse-cycle, sonication-amplitude) was employed to extract phenolic compounds from leaves by ultrasonic-assisted extraction. The muicle leaves extracts were analyzed measuring total phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity. According to response surface methodology the optimal conditions of ultrasonic-assisted extraction to obtain the highest soluble phenolic content were 2 min (extraction time) for 0.7 s (pulse cycle) at 55% of sonication amplitude. Under these optimal conditions, the total phenolic content was higher when was used ultrasonic-assisted extraction (54.02 mg/g) than stirring (46.46 mg/g) and thermal decoction (47.76 mg/g); however, the antioxidant capacity from extracts did not increase by ultrasonic-assisted extraction. The extracts or aqueous infusions from leaves are used for therapeutic proposes, therefore the ultrasonic-assisted extraction is a useful technology to improve the extraction of phytochemicals from leaves.
“…These effects might be related to the high content of polyphenols and antioxidant capacity of J. spicigera leaf extracts [7,8]. Therefore, this plant could serve for possible industrial and pharmaceutical applications as a good source for extracting natural antioxidant compounds [9].…”
A Box-Behnken design (Extraction-time, pulse-cycle, sonication-amplitude) was employed to extract phenolic compounds from leaves by ultrasonic-assisted extraction. The muicle leaves extracts were analyzed measuring total phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity. According to response surface methodology the optimal conditions of ultrasonic-assisted extraction to obtain the highest soluble phenolic content were 2 min (extraction time) for 0.7 s (pulse cycle) at 55% of sonication amplitude. Under these optimal conditions, the total phenolic content was higher when was used ultrasonic-assisted extraction (54.02 mg/g) than stirring (46.46 mg/g) and thermal decoction (47.76 mg/g); however, the antioxidant capacity from extracts did not increase by ultrasonic-assisted extraction. The extracts or aqueous infusions from leaves are used for therapeutic proposes, therefore the ultrasonic-assisted extraction is a useful technology to improve the extraction of phytochemicals from leaves.
“…Regarding the molecular attribution of this signal, the presence of cryptoxanthin I in the plant extract could be responsible for its fluorescent properties. 19 Figure 8.Experimental fluorescence spectra of the red and brown paints (red and black continuous lines) of part II of the Codex Borbonicus (a). Calculated transmitted fluorescence of the substrate through the brown paint (gray dashed line) (b).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Regarding the molecular attribution of this signal, the presence of cryptoxanthin I in the plant extract could be responsible for its fluorescent properties. 19…”
Ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis) fluorescence spectroscopy is widely used to study polychrome objects and can help to identify the nature of certain materials when they present specific fluorescent properties. However, given the complexity of the stratified and heterogeneous materials under study, the characterization of an intrinsic fluorescence related to a given constituent (a pigment or a binder composing a paint layer for example) is not straightforward, and the recorded raw data need to be corrected for a number of effects that can influence the detected spectral distribution. The application of standard correction procedures to experimental fluorescence data gathered on the polychromatic surface of the Codex Borbonicus, a 16th-century Aztec manuscript, is described. The results are confronted to an alternate new methodology that is based on the hypothesis of transparent non-scattering paint layers. This second approach allows to establish more clearly the material origin of the detected emission and to discriminate apparent fluorescence (emitted by the substrate and transmitted through the paint layers) from actual intrinsic emission generated by the coloring materials under study. The results show that most of the various emission profiles detected in the paint layers of the manuscript actually originate from a unique fluorophore (composing the substrate) and should not be used to characterize the coloring materials.
“…In this regard, one of these important plants is Justicia spicigera (known as "muicle" or "muitle"), an endemic plant from Mesoamerica that grows in Mexico, Central America, and some areas of the United States. In Mexico, it has been used since pre-Hispanic times to treat dysentery, gonorrhea, scabies, fever and uterine bleeding [4]. Currently, it is still used for medicinal purposes to treat cancer, circulatory diseases, diabetes, leukemia, anemia, giardiasis, fascioliasis, diarrhea, nerves, rheumatism, stomach inflammation and headache [4,5].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In Mexico, it has been used since pre-Hispanic times to treat dysentery, gonorrhea, scabies, fever and uterine bleeding [4]. Currently, it is still used for medicinal purposes to treat cancer, circulatory diseases, diabetes, leukemia, anemia, giardiasis, fascioliasis, diarrhea, nerves, rheumatism, stomach inflammation and headache [4,5]. Several research shows that the extract (aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic) of J. spicigera leaves have antioxidant [6], antimicrobial [7], anticancer [8], antidiabetic [9], antiepileptic [10], and antidepressant properties [11].…”
A study of supercritical fluid CO2 extraction of kaempferitrin (KM) and astragalin (KG) from Justicia spicigera (muicle) was conducted. A 33 Box-Behnken design was used to analyze the effects of pressure (200-300 bar), temperature (40-60° C), and co-solvent flow rate (0.5-1.0 mL/min). The highest KM and KG concentration were achieved at a pressure of 300 bar, a temperature of 60° C, and co-solvent flow rate of 1.0 mL/min (ethanol 99.5 %), with a constant CO2 flow rate of 5 mL/min and extraction time of 180 min. Under these conditions, the experimental values for KM and KG (115.08±2.81 and 56.63±9.02 mg/100 g of dry powder, respectively) were similar to those calculated by the models (109.0 and 44.07 mg/100 g of dry powder, respectively). The use of 70 % ethanol as co-solvent in the supercritical extraction process considerably improved the yields of KM and KG (562.71±156.85 and 79.90±18.03 mg/100 g of dry powder, respectively) compared to the 99.5 % ethanol extractions. The conventional extraction showed the highest yields of KM and KG (574.20±65.10 and 113.10±15.06 mg/100 g of dry powder, respectively) at 70° C and extraction time of 120 min. Adequate yields were achieved of KM and KG by supercritical fluid extraction compared with conventional extraction (98 and 70 %, respectively); therefore supercritical fluid extract of J. spicigera could be used in the development of functional foods, as well as its possible use in traditional medicine by the health professionals.
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