Using a nanocomposite consist of Boron-doped reduced graphene oxide and electropolymerized β-cyclodextrin for Flunitrazepam electrochemical sensor

Ghanbari, Mohammad Hossein; Norouzi, Zahra; Ghanbari, Mohammad Mahdi

doi:10.1016/j.microc.2020.104994

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The CD polymers, poly-β-CDs, are normally formed using cyclic voltammetry where the substrate electrodes are cycled between the potential limits of −2.0 V and 2.0 V to 2.3 V vs. SCE [133], or with a smaller electrochemical window between approximately −0.8 to 1.3 V vs. SCE. Acidic conditions are generally used with the polymer being generated in slightly acidic phosphate buffer [133,134], or in the presence of HClO 4 [135,136]. These polyβ-CDs have been deposited at carbon paste electrodes [136,137], glassy carbon [138][139][140], and rGO decorated screen printed electrodes [129], and combined with CNTs [141,142], rGO [132,133,143], boron-doped rGO [134], TiO 2 [144], and gold nanoparticles [145].…”

Section: Electropolymerization Of Cyclodextrinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclodextrins as Supramolecular Recognition Systems: Applications in the Fabrication of Electrochemical Sensors

et al. 2021

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Supramolecular chemistry, although focused mainly on noncovalent intermolecular and intramolecular interactions, which are considerably weaker than covalent interactions, can be employed to fabricate sensors with a remarkable affinity for a target analyte. In this review the development of cyclodextrin-based electrochemical sensors is described and discussed. Following a short introduction to the general properties of cyclodextrins and their ability to form inclusion complexes, the cyclodextrin-based sensors are introduced. This includes the combination of cyclodextrins with reduced graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, conducting polymers, enzymes and aptamers, and electropolymerized cyclodextrin films. The applications of these materials as chiral recognition agents and biosensors and in the electrochemical detection of environmental contaminants, biomolecules and amino acids, drugs and flavonoids are reviewed and compared. Based on the papers reviewed, it is clear that cyclodextrins are promising molecular recognition agents in the creation of electrochemical sensors, chiral sensors, and biosensors. Moreover, they have been combined with a host of materials to enhance the detection of the target analytes. Nevertheless, challenges remain, including the development of more robust methods for the integration of cyclodextrins into the sensing unit.

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Section: Electropolymerization Of Cyclodextrinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclodextrins as Supramolecular Recognition Systems: Applications in the Fabrication of Electrochemical Sensors

et al. 2021

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Section: Detection Strategy Of Flumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[129] DPV is one of the most sensitive of the voltammetric methods and is favorable for the determination of trace substances due to its advantages of low background current, high detection sensitivity and low detection limit. [113,117] For earlier studies, validation of the feasibility of electrochemical methods for the identification and determination of FLU was demonstrated by Smyth and coworkers using polarography, [112] providing a theoretical basis for the development of this direction. It was determined that the reduction peaks of FLU appeared at À 0.16 V, À 0.73 V and À 0.61 V, À 1.20 V in Britton-Robinson buffer at pH 4.0 and pH 12.0, respectively.…”

Section: Electrochemistry-based Detection Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of Flunitrazepam in Biological Fluids and Beverages:A Review

Chen,

Huang,

Qiu

et al. 2023

ChemistrySelect

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Flunitrazepam, a very potent benzodiazepine with sedative, hypnotic and amnesic effects, is commonly used to treat severe insomnia and as an anesthetic. Due to these characteristics, when flunitrazepam is sneaked into alcohol or drinks, it is often highly associated with violent behavior and drug rape cases. Therefore, it is also known as a “date rape drug”, and the detection of flunitrazepam and its metabolites is of great interest in forensic medicine and pharmacotoxicology. This paper describes the mechanism of action and drug metabolism process of flunitrazepam, reviews the different methods for detecting flunitrazepam published over the years, summarizes the detection limits of each method and compares their advantages and disadvantages. We hope to provide some inspiration for future research in this field.

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“…33 Recently, Ghanbari and co-workers designed a novel electrochemical sensor for the detection of traces of unitrazepam, based on electropolymerized b-cyclodextrin (Eb-CD)/boron-doped reduced graphene oxide (B-rGO) composite material. 34 Electrochemical studies were performed using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques, by employing the material as a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Experimental data conrmed two linear ranges for the calculation of unitrazepam between 2.0 nmol L À1 to 0.5 mmol L À1 and 0.5 mmol L À1 to 20.0 mmol L À1 .…”

Section: Boron-doped Graphene (Bg)-based Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%